The Effect of Smoking Cessation on Body Weight and Other Metabolic Parameters with Focus on People with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Driva, Stamatina; Korkontzelou, Aliki; Tonstad, Serena; Tentolouris, Nikolaοs; Κatsaounou, Paraskevi

doi:10.3390/ijerph192013222

Cited by 23 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 166 publications

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“…In our study, we confirmed their significant impact on weight reduction, with an additive effect. Both nicotine and caffeine were found to suppress food intake, supporting previous studies (33,34) . However, apart from normal mice, there were no significant differences in food intake among the groups, suggesting that weight change is unrelated to food intake.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Preventive effects of caffeine on nicotine plus high-fat diet-induced hepatic steatosis and gain weight: a possible explanation for why obese smokers with high coffee consumption tend to be leaner

Lu,

Mei,

et al. 2023

Br J Nutr

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Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a prevalent liver disorder, affecting approximately 25% of the population. Coffee-drinking obese smokers exhibit lower body weights and decreased NAFLD rates, but the reasons behind this remain unclear. Additionally, the effect of nicotine, the main component of tobacco, on the development of NAFLD is still controversial. Our study aimed to explore the possible reasons that drinking coffee could alleviate NAFLD and gain weight, and identify the real role of nicotine in NAFLD of obese smokers. A NAFLD model in mice was induced by administering nicotine and a high-fat diet (HFD). We recorded changes in body weight and daily food intake, measured the weights of the liver and visceral fat, and observed liver and adipose tissue histopathology. Lipid levels, liver function, liver malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), serum inflammatory cytokine levels, and the expression of hepatic genes involved in lipid metabolism were determined. Our results demonstrated that nicotine exacerbated the development of NAFLD, and caffeine had a hepatoprotective effect on NAFLD. The administration of caffeine could ameliorate nicotine-plus-HFD-induced NAFLD by reducing lipid accumulation, regulating hepatic lipid metabolism, alleviating oxidative stress, attenuating inflammatory response, and restoring hepatic functions. These results might explain why obese smokers with high coffee consumption exhibit the lower incidence rate of NAFLD and tend to be leaner. It is essential to emphasize that the detrimental impact of smoking on health is multifaceted. Smoking cessation remains the sole practical and effective strategy for averting the tobacco-related complications and reducing the risk of mortality.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Preventive effects of caffeine on nicotine plus high-fat diet-induced hepatic steatosis and gain weight: a possible explanation for why obese smokers with high coffee consumption tend to be leaner

Lu,

Mei,

et al. 2023

Br J Nutr

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“…The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) reporting guidelines [ 12 ] were adhered to in this systematic review. The PECO (Population, Exposure, Comparator, Outcome) protocol for the systematic review was defined as follows.…”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the Role of Glycemic Control in Modulating Pulmonary Function Among Smokers With Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review

Mathur,

Kumar,

Dubey

et al. 2024

Cureus

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Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) impacts multiple body systems, including lung function, and this impact can be further complicated by smoking. The connection between blood sugar control and lung health in individuals with diabetes who smoke has been extensively studied, but findings have been varied. This systematic review sought to compile and assess the research on how blood sugar control influences lung function in smokers with diabetes. Methods: We searched several databases, including PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Scopus, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Google Scholar, in line with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. We included studies that looked at lung function tests in smokers with diabetes and examined the relationship with blood sugar control, as indicated by hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels. We conducted thorough quality assessments, data extraction, and analysis. Results: We identified five relevant studies. The data from these studies indicated a clear trend: smokers with diabetes who had higher HbA1c levels typically showed worse lung function than those with better blood sugar control. Decreases in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) were the most frequently observed issues. Some studies also pointed to a complex relationship between HbA1c levels and lung function, particularly when HbA1c was below 7.0%. Conclusion: Our review indicates that smokers with DM who have poor blood sugar control tend to have worse lung function. These findings highlight the importance of managing blood sugar to help maintain lung health in these individuals. Further long-term research is needed to clarify the exact relationship and whether improving blood sugar control can reverse lung problems.

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“…As smoking cessation leads to weight gain, this could be an interesting approach for patients with significant weight loss that should not be eliminated right away [47 ▪ ]; it may prevent surgical complications and also may decrease the risk of second cancers, which is still a significant problem in disease-free patients with PDACs [5 ▪ ].…”

Section: Correcting Known Risk Factors and Prehabilitation Programsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adjuvant and neoadjuvant approaches in pancreatic cancer

Conroy

Lambert

Ducreux

2023

Current Opinion in Oncology

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Purpose of reviewPancreatic cancer treatment remains a challenging problem for surgeons and oncologists. This review aims to summarize the current advances on adjuvant and neoadjuvant treatment approaches for resectable pancreatic cancer. Recent findingsRecent phase III randomized trials of adjuvant therapy showed improvement of overall survival in both experimental and control groups. Effectiveness of adjuvant therapy in specific subgroups as elderly patients, intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms, stage I, and DNA damage repair gene germline variants has been reported. Completion of all cycles of planned adjuvant chemotherapy is confirmed as an independent prognostic factor. Adjuvant chemotherapy remains underutilized, mainly because of early recurrence, prolonged recovery, or older age older than 75 years. So, neoadjuvant treatment is a logical approach to administer systemic treatment to more patients. Meta-analysis did not demonstrate an overall survival benefit of neoadjuvant treatments in resectable pancreatic cancer, and definitive conclusions cannot be drawn from available randomized controlled trials. Upfront surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy should still be considered a standard approach in resectable pancreatic cancer.

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The Effect of Smoking Cessation on Body Weight and Other Metabolic Parameters with Focus on People with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Cited by 23 publications

References 166 publications

Preventive effects of caffeine on nicotine plus high-fat diet-induced hepatic steatosis and gain weight: a possible explanation for why obese smokers with high coffee consumption tend to be leaner

Preventive effects of caffeine on nicotine plus high-fat diet-induced hepatic steatosis and gain weight: a possible explanation for why obese smokers with high coffee consumption tend to be leaner

Evaluating the Role of Glycemic Control in Modulating Pulmonary Function Among Smokers With Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review

Adjuvant and neoadjuvant approaches in pancreatic cancer

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