The effect of smoking on depressive symptoms

Magee, William; Clarke, Philippa

doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106641

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…Such an association has been shown across different age groups, such as adolescents (13), adults (14,15), middle-aged and older adults (16, 17), and elderly people (18). Conversely, few studies have shown that tobacco smoking reduces depressive symptoms (19,20). Furthermore, other studies have shown that depression predicts the persistence of tobacco smoking (21)(22)(23)(24)(25).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tobacco smoking and depressive symptoms in Chinese middle-aged and older adults: Handling missing values in panel data with multiple imputation

Kang

et al. 2022

Front. Public Health

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IntroductionThe high co-occurrence of tobacco smoking and depression is a major public health concern during the novel coronavirus disease-2019 pandemic. However, no studies have dealt with missing values when assessing depression. Therefore, the present study aimed to examine the effect of tobacco smoking on depressive symptoms using a multiple imputation technique.MethodsThis research was a longitudinal study using data from four waves of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study conducted between 2011 and 2018, and the final sample consisted of 74,381 observations across all four waves of data collection. The present study employed a multiple imputation technique to deal with missing values, and a fixed effects logistic regression model was used for the analysis.ResultsThe results of fixed effects logistic regression showed that heavy smokers had 20% higher odds of suffering from depressive symptoms than those who never smoked. Compared to those who never smoked, for short-term and moderate-term quitters, the odds of suffering from depressive symptoms increased by 30% and 22%, respectively. The magnitudes of the odds ratios for of the variables short-term quitters, moderate-term quitters, and long-term quitters decreased in absolute terms with increasing time-gaps since quitting. The sub-group analysis for men and women found that heavy male smokers, short-term and moderate-term male quitters had higher odds of suffering from depressive symptoms than those who never smoked. However, associations between smoking status and depressive symptoms were not significant for women.ConclusionsThe empirical findings suggested that among Chinese middle-aged and older adults, heavy smokers and short-term and moderate-term quitters have increased odds of suffering from depressive symptoms than those who never smoked. Moreover, former smokers reported that the probability of having depressive symptoms decreased with a longer duration since quitting. Nevertheless, the association between depressive symptoms and smoking among Chinese middle-aged and older adults is not straightforward and may vary according to gender. These results may have important implications that support the government in allocating more resources to smoking cessation programs to help middle-aged and older smokers, particularly in men.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tobacco smoking and depressive symptoms in Chinese middle-aged and older adults: Handling missing values in panel data with multiple imputation

Kang

et al. 2022

Front. Public Health

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“…A possible explanation for these reversed genetic correlations for pure well-being could be the different underlying reasons why people smoke, drink, and eat. The genetic overlap between depressive symptoms and these traits can arise from self-medication, i.e., smoking, drinking and eating to cope and reduce the negative mood or other depressive symptoms (42)(43)(44)(45)(46). In contrast, smoking, drinking, and eating that is genetically related to pure well-being could arise from these behaviors in social settings.…”

Section: Substance Use and Food-related Traitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distinguishing Happiness and Meaning in Life from Depressive Symptoms: a GWAS-by-subtraction study in the UK Biobank

Demange

Baselmans

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Background Hedonic (e.g., happiness) and eudaimonic (e.g., meaning in life) well-being are negatively related to depressive symptoms. Genetic variants play a role in this association, reflected in substantial genetic correlations. We investigated the (genetic) overlap and differences between well-being and depressive symptoms. Methods We used results of Genome-Wide Association studies (GWAS) and applied GWAS-by-subtraction in the UK Biobank sample. Analyses were pre-registered. Results Subtracting GWAS summary statistics of depressive symptoms from those of happiness and meaning in life, we obtained GWASs of respectively "pure" happiness (neffective= 216,497) and "pure" meaning (neffective=102,300). For both, we identified one genome-wide significant SNP (rs1078141 and rs79520962, respectively). After the subtraction, SNP heritability reduced from 6.3% to 3.3% for pure happiness and from 6.2% to 4.2% for pure meaning. The genetic correlation between the well-being measures reduced from .78 to .65, indicating that only a part of the genetic overlap between happiness and meaning in life is due to overlap with depressive symptoms. Pure happiness and pure meaning became genetically unrelated to traits strongly associated with depressive symptoms, including tiredness, loneliness, and psychiatric disorders. For several other traits, including ADHD, income, educational attainment, smoking, and drinking alcohol, the genetic correlations of well-being versus pure well-being changed substantially. Conclusions GWAS-by-subtraction allowed us to investigate the genetic variance of well-being unrelated to depressive symptoms. Genetic correlations with different traits led to new insights about this unique part of well-being. The findings can have implications for interventions to increase well-being and/or decrease depressive symptoms.

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“…Such an association has been shown across different age groups, such as adolescents [13], adults [14,15], middle-aged and older adults [16,17], and elderly people [18]. Conversely, few studies have shown that tobacco smoking reduces depressive symptoms [19,20]. Furthermore, other studies have shown that depression predicts the persistence of tobacco smoking [21][22][23][24][25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tobacco smoking and depressive symptoms in Chinese middle-aged and older adults: Handling missing values in panel data with multiple imputation

Wu²,

Kang

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Background: The high co-occurrence of tobacco smoking and depression is a major public health concern during the novel coronavirus disease-2019 pandemic. However, no studies have dealt with missing values when assessing depression. Therefore, the present study aimed to examine the effect of tobacco smoking on depressive symptoms using a multiple imputation technique.Methods: This research was a longitudinal study using data from four waves of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study conducted between 2011 and 2018, and the final sample consisted of 74,381 observations across all four waves of data collection. The present study employed a multiple imputation technique to deal with missing values, and a fixed effects logistic regression model was used for the analysis. Results: The results of fixed effects logistic regression showed that heavy smokers were 1.2 times more likely to suffer from depressive symptoms than those who never smoked. Compared to those who never smoked, for short-term and moderate-term quitters, the odds of suffering from depressive symptoms increased by 30% and 22%, respectively. The magnitudes of the odds ratios for of the variables short-term quitters, moderate-term quitters, and long-term quitters decreased in absolute terms with increasing time-gaps since quitting.Conclusions: The empirical findings suggested that among Chinese middle-aged and older adults, heavy smokers and short-term and moderate-term quitters were more likely to have depressive symptoms than those who never smoked. Moreover, former smokers reported that the probability of having depressive symptoms decreased with a longer duration since quitting. These results may have important implications that support the government in allocating more resources to smoking cessation programs to help middle-aged and older smokers.

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The effect of smoking on depressive symptoms

Cited by 8 publications

References 58 publications

Tobacco smoking and depressive symptoms in Chinese middle-aged and older adults: Handling missing values in panel data with multiple imputation

Tobacco smoking and depressive symptoms in Chinese middle-aged and older adults: Handling missing values in panel data with multiple imputation

Distinguishing Happiness and Meaning in Life from Depressive Symptoms: a GWAS-by-subtraction study in the UK Biobank

Tobacco smoking and depressive symptoms in Chinese middle-aged and older adults: Handling missing values in panel data with multiple imputation

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