The Effect of Smoking on Serum IgG2 Reactive With Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans in Early‐Onset Periodontitis Patients

Abstract

High titers of serum IgG2 reactive with Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans are present in early‐onset periodontitis (EOP) patients and it appears that anti‐A. actinomycetemcomitans may be protective. Smoking is associated with increased periodontal disease severity in generalized early‐onset periodontitis (G‐EOP) patients, but is not associated with periodontal disease severity in patients with localized juvenile periodontitis (LJP). Furthermore, smoking is associated with reduced serum IgG2 levels in black patients with G‐EOP but not in those with LJP. Based on this selective effect of smoking, we hypothesized that smoking would be associated with a reduction of specific IgG2 reactive with A. actinomycetemcomitans in black G‐EOP patients but not black LJP patients. In addition, we examined IgG2 responses to carbohydrate antigens from non‐periodontal pathogens including Haemophilus influenzae b Oligosaccharide antigen (Hib) and the Streptococcus pneumoniae antigen phosphocholine (PC). Smoking status was assessed from serum cotinine levels, and IgG2 specific for A. actinomycetemcomitans, Hib, and PC was assessed by ELISA. Our study revealed that smoking was correlated with a dramatic reduction in serum IgG2 anti‐A. actinomycetemcomitans in G‐EOP smokers but not in LJP smokers. In contrast, anti‐Hib IgG2 and anti‐PC IgG2 were not affected in either G‐EOP or LJP patients. In short, these results indicate that smoking is associated with a reduction in serum IgG2 antiA. actinomycetemcomitans in black G‐EOP subjects, but IgG2 reactive with other antigens may not be reduced in G‐EOP smokers. J Periodontol 1997;68:842–850.

Cytokine Responses toTreponema pectinovorumandTreponema denticolain Human Gingival Fibroblasts

“…We conclude that gingival fibroblast cell populations derived from different normal subjects react differently to these bacterial challenges and suggest the potential for host variability in responsiveness. Currently, few genetic studies on periodontitis have been performed, although promising evidence suggests some genetic linkage (15,24,47), including host response alterations associated with genetic polymorphisms (19,31,45). These published studies suggested a genetic contribution to the characteristics of the inflammatory and immune response to oral bacterial challenge and the subsequent expression of periodontal disease.…”

Association of Systemic Oxidative Stress with Suppressed Serum IgG to Commensal Oral Biofilm and Modulation by Periodontal Infection

“…Smoking has been associated with decreased levels of serum IgG antibodies to oral bacteria (60) and decreased serum concentrations of the water-soluble antioxidant ascorbate (58). Smoking also was a significant contributor to our bivariate models of serum IgG antibody levels (Table 1).…”

“…Clinical conditions associated with increased oxidative stress in humans [e.g., smoking (56), diabetes (23), periodontitis (12), and aging (42)] have been associated with impaired immune function (44). Smoking, a recognized risk factor for periodontitis (7), has been associated with depressed levels of total serum IgG2 (55), which is a Th1-dependent IgG antibody subtype, and with decreased serum levels of antibody for selected oral bacteria (60). Diabetes has been associated with changes in T-cell populations and decreased IgG antibody responses to oral bacteria (20).…”

Periodontal and systemic health conditions of the patients treated in the student clinic of department of periodontology betweeen the years 2012-2014

“…Son zamanlarda yapılan deneysel ve klinik çalışmalar, sigaranın periodontal hastalık üzerine olan immun enflamatuvar etkisine odaklanmıştır. Damarlarda vazokonstrüksi-yon, kan akımında azalma, osteoklast aktivitesinde artış, kollajen sentezinde azalma ve kollajenaz üretiminde artışa neden olarak lokal [25][26][27] yollarla, PMNL'lerin fagositoz ve kemotaksis fonksiyonlarında bozulma, proenflamatuvar sitokinlerin salınımında artış ve periodontopatojenlere karşı antikor üretimini azalmaya neden olarak sistemik 27,28 yollarla periodontal hastalık patogenezinde ve gelişiminde rol oynamaktadır. Sigara içen bireylerin içmeyenlere göre periodontal hastalığa yakalanma olasılığının 3-6 kez daha fazla olduğu rapor edilmiştir.…”