The Effect of Social Heterogeneity Within Urban Travel Corridors on the Travel Behavior of Residents

Mitchelson, Ronald L.

doi:10.1111/j.0033-0124.1982.00185.x

Cited by 9 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Areas associated with an abundance of group homes are examined to determine the extent to which different types of group homes are found in ecologically similar areas. Although this application is novel, the principles of ecological inquiry have a long tradition in the social sciences and have been utilized in a diversity of geographical contexts (Gillard 1981;Massey 1980;Mitchelson 1982). Moreover, a recent pair of papers Nelson and Smith-Fowler 1987) in community psychology describe a conceptual framework and a process-outcome continuum that explicitly subscribe to an ecological perspective on community-based housing.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similar design decisions must be made, however, and their implications considered. Of these design considerations, those relating to choice of spatial units and the selection and definition of variables are critical (Brown 1982;Hammond 1973;Mitchelson 1982).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Any aggregation beyond this level was rejected as arbitrary. Similarly, disaggregation beyond the MPD level (down to the census tract or census enumeration area) was also rejected, as such a disaggregation would render ecological analysis impractical, given the number of group homes relative to the number of smaller spatial units (Blalock 1964;Gillard 1981;Mitchelson 1982;Joseph and Hall 1985). MPDs also coincide with identifiable neighborhoods in most cases.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Group Home Location and Host Neighborhood Attributes: An Ecological Analysis

Hall

Joseph

1988

The Professional Geographer

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This paper investigates the characteristics of areas with numerous group homes (residential care facilities) that cater to a variety of user groups. An overview of patterns of locational concentration precedes the results of an ecological analysis for the Minor Planning Districts of the City of Toronto. The pattern of ecological correlates among the three group home types analyzed supports results obtained elsewhere, but cautions against inferring ecological associations identified for one sort of facility to other facility types, The conclusion questions the suitability of present areas of locational concentration of group homes as host environments.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Group Home Location and Host Neighborhood Attributes: An Ecological Analysis

Hall

Joseph

1988

The Professional Geographer

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“…A level of service indicator was calculated separately for CountryLink rail, CountryLink bus, re-1. (http://www.iplan.nsw.gov.au/countrytransportplanning/) gional bus services, non-commercial school bus routes, community transport projects, and wheelchair accessible taxi services for each SLA, using the following formula (Mitchelson, 1982):…”

Section: Transport Supply Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identifying the Transport Needs of the Transport Disadvantaged Groups in Rural Areas of New South Wales, Australia: A Case Study

Parolin

Rostami

2016

Journal of Sustainable Rural Development

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Purpose:The current paper aimed at developing a transport need index to measure the needs of transport disadvantaged groups in rural areas of New South Wales (NSW), Australia. This transport supply index, in turn, assesses the provision of transport services in these areas. Methods:We adopted the index methods developed for Australian metropolitan areas to reflect the extent of the rural transport problem, the range of social needs groups of the rural areas, and the specialized types of services used in rural areas. A geographical information system is used to quantify the index values, assess transport needs and the spatial distribution of identified gaps between the levels of service supply. Results:The results of the current study highlighted that transport needs were spatially distributed across rural areas, but concentrated in certain coastal and inland areas, particularly the North-Western parts of NSW. These areas had very poor public transport options that were not likely to be improved without targeted community transport type projects and provisions of social services. Conclusion:The developed indexes present a quantitative basis on which the extent of transport need and transport supply in an area can be compared with other areas. They are a robust mechanism for government and non-government agencies to address community needs in rural NSW through specialised transportation services, and allocate appropriate funding levels in a consistent and equitable manner. The ready availability of census data and other transport level of service data facilitate the application of this approach.

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“…for ten days were less likely to form friendships with people that had dissimilar attitudes (Griffitt & Veitch, 1974). There is also demographic evidence (Mitchelson, 1982;Parolin, 1992) and social commentary that suggests that public transport users belong to a "variegated" social group (Hood, 1996). The heterogeneity of public transport users may impede passive contacts from inducing any relationship with other users.…”

Section: Barriers To Social Interaction In Public Transportmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Social Environment of Public Transport

Thomas¹

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<p>Crowding is identified both internationally and in New Zealand as a key issue in public transport. Unfortunately, the concerns of public transport providers are focussed on economic imperative rather than a concern for the actual experiences of patrons. The social needs of public transport passengers are neglected, both in practice and in research. This research examines the delicate balance between the need for privacy and the need for social interaction in the setting of public transport. These needs are examined through naturalistic observation of 1703 passengers' behaviours, such as seat selection, activity use, and conversation on buses and trains. This was followed by a survey-based Exploratory study examining a range of individual difference variables. Based on the findings of this Exploratory study measures were identified for use in a series of subsequent surveys of public and private transport users. Specifically, questionnaires measuring the attitudes and self-reported behaviour of train (N = 319), car (N = 305) and bus commuters (N = 216). Results suggest that the seating layout of public transport forces people into an intimate distance with strangers, causing social discomfort. Hall's (1966) proxemic theory suggests that these intimate distances are typically reserved for people with closer relations. People compensate by adapting to this close yet impersonal social situation. There is evidence that interactive strategies such as talking and positive body language with other passengers reduces the level of social discomfort, whereas defensive strategies do not reduce discomfort, but do form a negative relationship with social interaction which helps perpetuate a socially stagnant atmosphere. Discomfort from close interpersonal distance and less positive attitudes towards other passengers, while not as important as instrumental variables (such as longer trip durations), are still potential barriers to public transport patronage and should be given greater attention. In conclusion, interactive behaviours are determined to be necessary to reduce social discomfort in public transport. Festinger and colleague's (1950) passive contact theory (PCT) is interrupted in the public transport setting, and it is posited that pro-social behaviours, such as smiling, and acknowledging other passengers with greetings are a precondition for successful interpersonal interaction.</p>

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The Effect of Social Heterogeneity Within Urban Travel Corridors on the Travel Behavior of Residents

Cited by 9 publications

References 16 publications

Group Home Location and Host Neighborhood Attributes: An Ecological Analysis

Group Home Location and Host Neighborhood Attributes: An Ecological Analysis

Identifying the Transport Needs of the Transport Disadvantaged Groups in Rural Areas of New South Wales, Australia: A Case Study

The Social Environment of Public Transport

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