The effect of social network on the physical activity—cognitive function nexus in late life

Litwin, Howard; Shaul, Avital

doi:10.1017/s1041610218001059

Cited by 13 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Moreover, according to the study by Seeman et al (Seeman et al., 2011), being exposed to negative social interactions like excessive criticism or conflict may result in a decline in executive function but not episodic memory. Notably, Litwin et al (Litwin & Shaul, 2019) also found that increased social network size boosts the effect of physical activity on cognitive function in old age. Also, the results of a recent study on a sample of 31,954 European healthy elderlies, indicated that being satisfied in one's social life and engaging in different forms of social activities, significantly affected cognitive function in elderly participants, prospectively (Miceli et al., 2019).…”

Section: Social Engagementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mitigating the negative impacts of aging on cognitive function; modifiable factors associated with increasing cognitive reserve

Amanollahi

Anjomshoa

et al. 2021

Eur J of Neuroscience

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Research suggests that social, physical, and cognitively challenging activities during lifetime, could mitigate the negative effects of aging on cognitive function. This effect is explained by the increased cognitive reserve (CR) resulting from such factors; in fact, such activities, by altering structural and functional properties of the human brain, equip one with more effective compensatory mechanisms to resist brain damage before the presentation of severe clinical symptoms. Therefore, applying appropriate modifications in one's lifestyle and activities may be effective in lowering the risk of developing dementia and cognitive dysfunction in old age, especially in brain areas that are susceptible to aging. In this paper, we are going to review relevant studies discussing the association between important modifiable factors, known as CR proxies (i.e., educational attainment, occupational complexity, physical activity, social engagement, bilingualism, leisure activities, and Mediterranean diet), and different domains of cognitive function, which are affected either in the process of healthy aging or neurodegenerative diseases. K E Y W O R D Saging, cognitive reserve, dementia, neural compensation, neural plasticity Edited by Yoland Smith F I G U R E 1 Mechanisms involved in life-time cognitive ability. Brain reserve, the intrinsic brain ability to maintain cognitive function which is dependent on brain structure, and cognitive reserve, which comprises the compensatory changes in brain structure and function and is promoted by several activities How to cite this article: Amanollahi M, Amanollahi S, Anjomshoa A, Dolatshahi M. Mitigating the negative impacts of aging on cognitive function; modifiable factors associated with increasing cognitive reserve.

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Section: Social Engagementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mitigating the negative impacts of aging on cognitive function; modifiable factors associated with increasing cognitive reserve

Amanollahi

Anjomshoa

et al. 2021

Eur J of Neuroscience

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“…Some older adults may have maintained functional capacity through continued exercise, despite restrictions on physical and social engagement 14 . For others, mobility and physical conditioning may have declined due to increased social isolation and sedentary behaviors, leading to higher risk for injuries such as falls 1–5 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in activity levels, physical functioning, and fall risk during the COVID‐19 pandemic

Hoffman

Malani

Solway

et al. 2021

J American Geriatrics Society

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Background: Physical function worsens with older age, particularly for sedentary and socially isolated individuals, and this often leads to injuries. Through reductions in physical activity, the COVID-19 pandemic may have worsened physical function and led to higher fall-related risks. Methods: A nationally representative online survey of 2006 U.S. adults aged 50-80 was conducted in January 2021 to assess changes in health behaviors (worsened physical activity and less daily time spent on feet), social isolation (lack of companionship and perceived isolation), physical function (mobility and physical conditioning), and falls (falls and fear of falling) since March 2020. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess relationships among physical activity, social isolation, physical function, falls, and fear of falling.Results: Among respondents, 740 (36.9%) reported reduced physical activity levels, 704 (35.1%) reported reduced daily time spent on their feet since March 2020, 712 (37.1%) reported lack of companionship, and 914 (45.9%) social isolation. In multivariable models, decreased physical activity (adjusted risk ratio, ARR: 2.92, 95% CI: 2.38, 3.61), less time spent on one's feet (ARR: 1.95, 95% CI: 1.62, 2.34), and social isolation (ARR: 1.51, 95% CI: 1.30, 1.74) were associated with greater risks of worsened physical conditioning. Decreased physical activity, time spent daily on one's feet, and social isolation were similarly associated with worsened mobility. Worsened mobility was associated with both greater risk of falling (ARR: 1.70, 95% CI: 1.35, 2.15) and worsened fear of falling (ARR: 2.02, 95% CI: 1.30, 3.13). Worsened physical conditioning and social isolation were also associated with greater risk of worsened fear of falling. Conclusion:The COVID-19 pandemic was associated with worsened physical functioning and fall outcomes, with the greatest effect on individuals with reduced physical activity and social isolation. Public health actions to address reduced physical activity and social isolation among older adults are needed.

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“…Further, we standardized the estimates to compare the strength of the associations among social network properties. The confounders were selected by reviewing prior studies ( 8 , 33 , 34 ). Model 1 was adjusted for age and model 2 was additionally adjusted for socioeconomic factors.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association Between Social Network and Cognitive Function: A Cross-Sectional Assessment From the Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Etiology Research Center Cohort (2013–2018)

et al. 2022

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BackgroundThis study aimed to investigate how social networks are associated with cognitive function in the middle-aged and elderly Korean population.MethodsA total of 7,704 individuals over the age of 50 were included from the baseline recruitment of the Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Etiology Research Center cohort from the years 2013 to 2018. Egocentric social network characteristics including network size, intimacy, and frequency of face-to-face meetings were measured as exposures, and the Korean version of Mini-Mental State Examination (K-MMSE) score was measured to reflect general cognitive function as an outcome. We also stratified the analysis by income level into tertiles, with income caps of 42,000 thousand won and 72,000 thousand won. A general linear regression model was used, adjusting for age, gender, socioeconomic factors, lifestyle factors, depressive symptoms, and study settings.ResultsSocial network properties were positively associated with cognitive function in both men and women. However, the specific estimates varied according to gender and income level. In men, frequency was most significantly associated with cognitive function (standardized β = 0.093, p-value <0 .0001). In women, the strength of the association with cognitive function was found in size (standardized β = 0.055, p-value = 0.001). The effect modification of income level could be seen in the association between frequency and cognitive function. The strongest association between frequency and cognitive function was found in the middle income group in men (standardized β = 0.114, p-value = 0.0063), and the low income group in women (standardized β = 0.076, p-value = 0.0039).ConclusionThere were positive associations between social network properties (i.e., size, intimacy, and frequency of face-to-face meetings) and cognitive function. The degree of association varied according to social network properties, gender, and income level. Overall, among social network properties, social network size was an important factor in the cognition of women, whereas frequency was important in the cognition of men.

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The effect of social network on the physical activity—cognitive function nexus in late life

Cited by 13 publications

References 37 publications

Mitigating the negative impacts of aging on cognitive function; modifiable factors associated with increasing cognitive reserve

Mitigating the negative impacts of aging on cognitive function; modifiable factors associated with increasing cognitive reserve

Changes in activity levels, physical functioning, and fall risk during the COVID‐19 pandemic

Association Between Social Network and Cognitive Function: A Cross-Sectional Assessment From the Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Etiology Research Center Cohort (2013–2018)

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