The effect of sodium sulphate on the hydrogen reduction process of nickel laterite ore

Lü, Jie; Liu, Shoujun; Ju, Sheng; Du, Wei; Pan, Feng; Yang, Song

doi:10.1016/j.mineng.2013.05.023

Cited by 79 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Therefore, the best nickel grade (>30 mass%) and recovery rate (90.2 mass%) for limonite ore can be obtained when it is calcined at 673 K in advance, and then, reduced under optimal reduction parameters (a reduction temperature of 1373 K, a reduction time of 30 min and a carbon-oxygen ratio of 0.6). In order to improve limonite ore calcined at 873 K and 1173 K and to make the nickel grades and recovery rates reach 15-16 mass% and 85 mass%, respectively, as required by industrial standards, the previous researchers [25][26][27][28] proposed the addition of Na 2 SO 4 , which could effectively increase the reduction of metallic nickel. This study thus probed the effects of the addition of different amounts of Na 2 SO 4 on the nickel grade and recovery rate of limonite ore which was calcined at different temperatures in advance and then reduced under optimal reduction parameters.…”

Section: Calcining Temperatures Versus Carbothermic Reduction Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, the sodium salts can intensify the reduction of iron oxides, resulting in the separation of iron from aluminum and silicon. 25) As indicated by Li et al, 26,27) the addition of Na 2 SO 4 to the carbon-bearing pellets of laterite nickel ore is bene cial to the reduction of nickel, resulting in a better nickel grade and recovery rate. Sun et al 28) studied the in uence of four additives (Na 2 SO 4 , Na 2 CO 3 , CaCO 3 and CaSO 4 ) on the carbothermic reduction of low-nickel high-iron laterite nickel ore. Their results showed that Na 2 SO 4 suppressed the reduction of iron, and that the dissolution of Na 2 SO 4 could generate sulfur which would reduce the surface energy and melting point of the nickel-iron pellets, prompting the growth of the pellets and inducing their separation from other oxide-phase compositions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Optimal Combination of Calcination and Reduction Conditions as well as Na2SO4 Additive for Carbothermic Reduction of Limonite Ore

et al. 2016

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The optimal carbothermic reduction parameters of limonite ore and the in uence of calcining temperature on these were investigated. In addition, the impact of the addition of Na 2 SO 4 on limonite ore which had been calcined before reduction at optimal carbothermic conditions was also investigated. XRD analysis, BET-speci c surface area analysis, bromine methyl alcohol solution analysis, and chemical compositional analysis were used in order to obtain the associated parameters.The best nickel grade and recovery rate of the 673 K-calcined limonite ore can reach >30 mass% and 90.2 mass%, respectively, when the reduction temperature is 1373 K, with a reduction time of 30 min, and a carbon-oxygen ratio of 0.6. This is because the 673 K-calcined limonite ores have the highest speci c surface area of 46.8 m 2 /g with pores in the size of 29.7 Å. The addition of Na 2 SO 4 by 5 mass% resulted in the best nickel grade of >30 mass% and the best recovery rate of 93.8 mass% at the same reduction temperature, time and carbon-oxygen ratio.

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Section: Calcining Temperatures Versus Carbothermic Reduction Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Optimal Combination of Calcination and Reduction Conditions as well as Na2SO4 Additive for Carbothermic Reduction of Limonite Ore

et al. 2016

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“…This liquid phase could facilitate the agglomeration of the ferronickel particles. In many cases, the ferronickel particles are found associated with an FeS-rich phase, possibly indicating the ferronickel particles precipitated on cooling [19,20,[22][23][24]. Also, it has been shown that when sulphur is added, the ferronickel particles are larger [20,22].…”

Section: Effect Of Sulphurmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors Affecting the Upgrading of a Nickeliferous Limonitic Laterite Ore by Reduction Roasting, Thermal Growth and Magnetic Separation

et al. 2017

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Abstract:There is considerable interest in the development of new processes to extract the nickel from the oxidic nickeliferous laterite deposits, as the global nickel sulphide resources are rapidly becoming more difficult to access. In comparison to sulphide ores, where the nickel-containing mineral can be readily concentrated by flotation, nickel laterites are not amenable to significant upgrading, due to their complex mineralogy. In this paper, firstly, a brief overview of the conventional techniques used to process the nickeliferous limonitic laterites is given, as well as a review of current research in the area. Secondly, a thermodynamic model is developed to simulate the roasting process and to aid in the selection of process parameters to maximize the nickel recovery and grade and also to minimize the magnetite content of the concentrate. Thirdly, a two-stage process involving reduction roasting and thermal growth in either a tube furnace or a rotary kiln furnace, followed by magnetic separation, was investigated. Thermogravimetric, differential thermal and mineral liberation analyses techniques were utilized to further understand the process. Finally, the nickel grades and recovery results were compared to those available in the literature.

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“…Moreover, the nickel grade decreases with increasing reductant dosage, accompanied by a signi cant increase in the recovery of iron from 16.48% to 68.79%. As the reductant dosage is increased, the higher reducing atmosphere causes the maghemite to be excessively reduced to Fe instead of FeO 29) . The increased iron recovery decreases the nickel grade in the concentrate from magnetic separation.…”

Section: Xrd and Sem-eds Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Calcium Chloride Addition on Coal-Based Reduction Roasting of Low-Nickel Garnierite Ore

Dong

Wei

et al. 2017

Mater. Trans.

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This work investigates the in uence of calcium chloride addition on coal-based reduction roasting low-nickel garnierite ore, and which is most evident in nickel enrichment and ferronickel particles aggregation. The results demonstrate that a concentrate with 11.83% nickel, corresponding to a nickel recovery of 97.38%, was obtained when the ore was reduced at 1150 C for 40 min in the presence of 12 mass% CaCl 2 ·2H 2 O, followed by magnetic separation at 250 mT. Compared with the ore reduced without calcium chloride, the nickel enrichment ratio of the concentrate was increased from 3 to 14 by the addition of 12 mass% CaCl 2 ·2H 2 O. Duing to the vaporization of the nickel chloride formed and the emergence of a new reactive surface, the addition of calcium chloride makes NiO in the garnierite easier to be reduced. The X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM-EDS) studies show that metallic nickel was mainly enriched into a kamacite phase, and the presence of CaCl 2 ·2H 2 O signi cantly accelerated the aggregation and growth of ferronickel particles, attributing to the vaporization and precipitation of nickel chloride on carbon surface together with ferrou chloride.

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The effect of sodium sulphate on the hydrogen reduction process of nickel laterite ore

Cited by 79 publications

References 21 publications

Optimal Combination of Calcination and Reduction Conditions as well as Na<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> Additive for Carbothermic Reduction of Limonite Ore

Optimal Combination of Calcination and Reduction Conditions as well as Na<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> Additive for Carbothermic Reduction of Limonite Ore

Factors Affecting the Upgrading of a Nickeliferous Limonitic Laterite Ore by Reduction Roasting, Thermal Growth and Magnetic Separation

Influence of Calcium Chloride Addition on Coal-Based Reduction Roasting of Low-Nickel Garnierite Ore

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