The Effect of Soil Submersion and Conditioner Materials on Residual Organophosphate Pesticides in Soil and Shallot Bulbs

Abstract

Soil health decreases and residual pesticides increase due to the application of inorganic fertilizers and pesticides continuously during the cultivation of crops. The effect of 12 hours or 24 hours soil submersion and chicken litters or zeolite application before planting on residual pesticides in soil and bulbs of shallots (Allium ascalonicum L.) are studied. Samples of soils and bulbs have proceeded after shallot cultivation conducted in Brebes, Indonesia. Then organophosphate residues in the samples are analyzed using gas chromatography in the Laboratory of the Indonesian Agricultural Environment Research Institute, Bogor. The data are compared to the standard of maximum residue levels (MRL) of pesticides in agricultural products. Results show that residual pesticides in treated soils are below the detection limit of the GC equipment, except malathion is detected with values ranging from 0.039-0.050 ppm. However, residual organophosphate pesticides in the bulbs are mainly below the maximum residue levels. The only exception is chlorpyrifos which has a value above the maximum residue levels of pesticides (0.076 ppm). Farmers should be educated in integrated pest management and applying synthetic pesticides as the last option for controlling pests and diseases.

Contamination Status, Environmental Factor and Risk Assessment of Polychlorinated Biphenyls and Hexachlorobutadiene in Greenhouse and Open-Field Agricultural Soils across China

“…Since its first introduction in China during the late 1970s, the total area of greenhouse cultivation projects reached 4.708 million hectares in 2019 [5]. The improved yields and the shortened production cycle are usually accompanied with the usage of plenty of fertilizers, pesticides, energy and other materials, resulting in more serious soil contamination in greenhouse projects [6]. For example, higher levels of some persistent organic pollutants (POPs) were found in greenhouse soils than in open-field soils, such as pyrethroids, atrazine, organophosphorus pesticides, phthalate esters and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAHs) [7][8][9].…”

Raman Spectroscopy for Non-Destructive Detection of Pesticide on Guava Peel

“…Pesticide ingredients in plants seem to be familiar in the agriculture which pesticides contain of harmful ingredients that are used to maintain the quality of fruits and vegetables from pests and plant diseases (Zhang, et al, 2022;Rajak, 2023). Exposure to these harmful chemicals is pesticide residues that found on fruits (Osaili, et al,2022;Umayah, et al, 2021), vegetables (Amilia, et al, 2016;Hendriadi, et al, 2021), animals that consume plants containing pesticide residues (Kurnia, et al, 2023;Nurhalisa, et al, 2023), and also environment (Badrudin, et al, 2022). Without realizing it, pesticide residues will enter the human body through the food consumed, which the higher the pesticide residue, the more dangerous it is for health (Vutrianingsih, 2020;Versari et al, 2021).…”

Contamination of polychlorinated biphenyls and hexachlorobutadiene in greenhouse and open-field agricultural soils across China

“…The extensive applications of greenhouse enhance resource utilization and land productivity, and further improve the economic e ciency. However, the improved yields and the shortened agricultural production cycle are achieved by inputting plenty of material and energy, which would lead to severe soil contamination and hence pose adverse effects to the environment (Badrudin et al 2022).…”