The Effect of Some Preservatives Used in Nasal Preparations on the Mucus and Ciliary Components of Mucociliary Clearance

Batts, Alison H.; Marriott, Christopher; Martin, Gary P.; Wood, C F; Bond, S W

doi:10.1111/j.2042-7158.1990.tb05374.x

Cited by 45 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 19 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Frog palates can be obtained in large quantities, the frog palate is a robust tissue giving reproducible results, and the experimental technique is well established, with many transport studies having been performed with this model. [24][25][26][27][28][29] In contrast, human turbinates are in limited supply and the tissue is more fragile and sensitive to sub-optimal conditions than the frog palate. However, this human model also gives reproducible results, which alludes to the possibility of identifying subtle differences between the effects of various compounds on MTR.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chitosan as a Nasal Delivery System: The Effect of Chitosan Solutions on in Vitro and in Vivo Mucociliary Transport Rates in Human Turbinates and Volunteers

Aspden¹,

Mason²,

Jones³

et al. 1997

Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

238

105

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In these studies, we examined the effect on mucociliary transport rates (MTR) of various 0.25% (w/v) chitosan solutions applied to human nasal tissue both ex vivo and in vivo. In the first study a range of chitosans with different molecular weights were applied to freshly amputated human nasal turbinates, and their effect on MTR was recorded. The transient inhibitory effect on turbinate MTR that was found for most of the chitosan preparations showed a marked dependence on the volume of chitosan solution applied and the molecular weight of the chitosan tested. The higher the molecular weight of the chitosan and the more chitosan applied, the longer the original MTR was depressed. A small scale human trial, investigating the effect of chitosan glutamate, on saccharin clearance times, was also undertaken. The study showed that a once daily application of a 0.25% solution of the chitosan for 7 days had no effect on either saccharin clearance times or nasal histology as examined by light microscopy.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chitosan as a Nasal Delivery System: The Effect of Chitosan Solutions on in Vitro and in Vivo Mucociliary Transport Rates in Human Turbinates and Volunteers

Aspden¹,

Mason²,

Jones³

et al. 1997

Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

238

105

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Whereas chlorocresol, edetate, benzalkonium chloride, phenylmercuric acetate and thiomersal caused irreversible damage. Phenylmercuric acetate and thiomersal were shown to be more ciliostatic than benzalkonium chloride [ 93 , 122 , 123 ]. However, a study published by Rijntjes et al focusing on the long-term administration of 0.02% benzalkonium chloride as preservative proved the safety of the drug supplement as it did not cause changes in nasal mucosal morphology or effects on mucociliary clearance [ 93 , 124 ].…”

Section: Formulations Dosage Forms and Medical Devices For Intranmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tailoring Formulations for Intranasal Nose-to-Brain Delivery: A Review on Architecture, Physico-Chemical Characteristics and Mucociliary Clearance of the Nasal Olfactory Mucosa

2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The blood-brain barrier and the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier are major obstacles in central nervous system (CNS) drug delivery, since they block most molecules from entering the brain. Alternative drug delivery routes like intraparenchymal or intrathecal are invasive methods with a remaining risk of infections. In contrast, nose-to-brain delivery is a minimally invasive drug administration pathway, which bypasses the blood-brain barrier as the drug is directed from the nasal cavity to the brain. In particular, the skull base located at the roof of the nasal cavity is in close vicinity to the CNS. This area is covered with olfactory mucosa. To design and tailor suitable formulations for nose-to-brain drug delivery, the architecture, structure and physico-chemical characteristics of the mucosa are important criteria. Hence, here we review the state-of-the-art knowledge about the characteristics of the nasal and, in particular, the olfactory mucosa needed for a rational design of intranasal formulations and dosage forms. Also, the information is suitable for the development of systemic or local intranasal drug delivery as well as for intranasal vaccinations.

show abstract

“…The interest in rhinitis medicamentosus caused by mucus constrictors and preservatives included in nasal drops has been reported since the 1980s. In 1989, Batts et al 9 reported that BZC exhibited a toxic effect on palatal ciliary movement in frogs. In 1995, Braat et al 10 revealed that 0.02% BZC did not have significant effects on cilia of patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long‐Term Use of Preservatives on Rat Nasal Respiratory Mucosa: Effects of Benzalkonium Chloride and Potassium Sorbate

et al. 2000

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objectives:Th preservatives benzalkonium chlorid (BZC) and potassium sorbate (PS) are widely u ed, not only for na al drops, but also for eyedrops and co metics. How ver, ther e have been many case reports that consider lesions such as d ermatitis or conjunctivitis to b e the r esults of irritation induced by BZC or PS. Methods: We evaluated the histological change aft er the long-term administration ofBZC or PS on rat nasa l respiratory mucosa. Forty rats were us d for the BZC group and 40 rats for PS group. Anima ls in ach group were divid d into four subgroups. Th first subgroup received a lowconcentration preservative solution that was commonly u · d for nasal sprays. The second subgroup received a high-concentration preservative solution that was reported to induce d ermatitis in humans. The third and fourth subgroups received a s teroid .mixed pr servntive solution of low and high concentrations, respectively. The control group was administrnt d normal saline. After each group r eceived 1, 2, and 4 we k s of topical administration, the symptomatic and histological changes on H&E stain were obrv d. Results: Sneezing and nasal rubbing with for I gs were observ din almo tall subgroups by the s . venth day of treatm nt. The pr servatives induced nasal I sion , including intraepithelial glandular formation, inflammatory cell infiltra tion, vascular hyp rplasia, and edematous change. The symptomatic and hi tological chang s wea· pronounced with the prolonged duration of administration. Similar r esults w r ob rv d in the ste roid mixed-solution groups. In the PS st roid mixed-olution group, howeve. r, symptom a nd nasal lesions were reduced with the prolonged duration of administration. Conclusion: ItFrom Lhe D pnrtmenL ofOLolnryngology-Hoad nnd Neck Surgery, ollege of M. dicin , Th atholic Univ rsity of Kor a, Seoul , Kor

show abstract

The Effect of Some Preservatives Used in Nasal Preparations on the Mucus and Ciliary Components of Mucociliary Clearance

Cited by 45 publications

References 19 publications

Chitosan as a Nasal Delivery System: The Effect of Chitosan Solutions on in Vitro and in Vivo Mucociliary Transport Rates in Human Turbinates and Volunteers

Chitosan as a Nasal Delivery System: The Effect of Chitosan Solutions on in Vitro and in Vivo Mucociliary Transport Rates in Human Turbinates and Volunteers

Tailoring Formulations for Intranasal Nose-to-Brain Delivery: A Review on Architecture, Physico-Chemical Characteristics and Mucociliary Clearance of the Nasal Olfactory Mucosa

Long‐Term Use of Preservatives on Rat Nasal Respiratory Mucosa: Effects of Benzalkonium Chloride and Potassium Sorbate

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About