The Effect of Statin Therapy on Inflammatory Biomarkers: A Systematic Review

Proute, Matthew C; Kothur, Nageshwar; Georgiou, Petros; Serhiyenia, Tatsiana; Shi, Wangpan; Kerolos, Mina E; Pradeep, Roshini; Akram, Aqsa; Khan, Safeera

doi:10.7759/cureus.18273

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Although angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers do beneficially affect endothelial function and inflammation, first and second-generation beta-blockers have no such effect (22). A systematic review on the effect of statin therapy on inflammatory markers showed that statin therapy has lipid-lowering and anti-inflammatory effects (23). Forty-one participants with a BMI of 25-39.9 kg/m 2 and impaired glucose tolerance test were randomized to take simvastatin or metformin for 16 weeks.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inflammatory and endothelial dysfunction markers in females with metabolic syndrome aged 50–75 years

Pusparini,

Wratsangka,

Lie Tanu

et al. 2023

JHSCI

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Introduction: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in Indonesia is 39% and it is higher in females than in males (46% vs. 28%). Features of this syndrome comprise low-grade chronic inflammation and endothelial dysfunction from cardiometabolic abnormalities. High-sensitive C-reactive protein (HsCRP) is a biomarker of cardiovascular disease, whereas ferritin and pentraxin-3 (PTX-3) are markers of chronic inflammation. One of the markers of endothelial dysfunction is an intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1). Studies on MetS in women aged 50–70 years and using several markers of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction are rare. The study aimed to determine differences in HsCRP, ferritin, PTX-3, and ICAM-1 level between females with and without MetS aged 50–75 years. Methods: For this cross-sectional study, 160 females aged 50–75 years from South Jakarta were recruited, divided into MetS and non-MetS (control) groups, 80 participants each. Participants that met the inclusion criteria were assessed for vital signs and metabolic parameters (e.g., lipid profile, fasting blood glucose level, and waist circumference [WC]). The groups were compared using an independent t-test for inflammatory (i.e., HsCRP, PTX-3, and ferritin) and endothelial dysfunction (ICAM-1) (p < 0.05) biomarkers. Results: The mean age of the MetS and control groups was 59.6 ± 5.6 and 59.2 ± 5.5 years. MetS criteria included WC of ≥80 cm (95.2%), increased blood pressure level (90.6%); and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol of <50 mg/dL (76.2%). Significant differences were found between the MetS and control groups for ferritin (p = 0.027), PTX-3 (p = 0.045), and ICAM-1 (p = 0.004) but not for HsCRP (p = 0.136). Conclusion: Elevated ferritin, PTX-3 level, and ICAM-1 level are significantly associated with an increased Mets risk in females aged 50–75 years; however, the same is not true for HsCRP.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inflammatory and endothelial dysfunction markers in females with metabolic syndrome aged 50–75 years

Pusparini,

Wratsangka,

Lie Tanu

et al. 2023

JHSCI

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“…However, further studies are needed to unravel the potential use of these mechanisms in pediatric cardiovascular and inflammatory diseases. As statins exhibit both a lipid-lowering effect in addition to an anti-inflammatory effect [49], their use was also investigated in heart-transplanted patients. In adults, statins have been found to have several beneficial effects [50], and early use reduced the cardiac allograft vasculopathy and the risk of the accelerated progression of atherosclerosis [51].…”

Section: Statins and Cardiovascular Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Statins—Beyond Their Use in Hypercholesterolemia: Focus on the Pediatric Population

Spoiala,

Cinteza,

Vatasescu

et al. 2024

Children

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Statins are a class of medications primarily used in adults to lower cholesterol levels and reduce the risk of cardiovascular events. However, the use of statins in children is generally limited and carefully considered despite the well-documented anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic, and pro-apoptotic effects, as well as their effect on cell signaling pathways. These multifaceted effects, known as pleiotropic effects, encompass enhancements in endothelial function, a significant reduction in oxidative stress, the stabilization of atherosclerotic plaques, immunomodulation, the inhibition of vascular smooth muscle proliferation, an influence on bone metabolism, anti-inflammatory properties, antithrombotic effects, and a diminished risk of dementia. In children, recent research revealed promising perspectives on the use of statins in various conditions including neurological, cardiovascular, and oncologic diseases, as well as special situations, such as transplanted children. The long-term safety and efficacy of statins in children are still subjects of ongoing research, and healthcare providers carefully assess the individual risk factors and benefits before prescribing these medications to pediatric patients. The use of statins in children is generally less common than in adults, and it requires close monitoring and supervision by healthcare professionals. Further research is needed to fully assess the pleiotropic effects of statins in the pediatric population.

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“…3 Studies have shown that a high level of serum LDL-C is strongly associated with promoting a pathological inflammatory process that contributes to atherothrombosis. 4 Statins are linked with reducing inflammation via their reduction of LDL-C. 5,6 Recent evidence suggests that statins also pose anti-inflammatory effects independent of LDL-C because of their direct interaction with an inflammatory marker known as C-reactive protein (CRP). 7 CRP has been extensively studied due to its association with atherosclerotic plaque development and promoting vascular occlusive thrombi.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors on inflammation and metabolic markers in the US-Mexico border Hispanic population

Nguyen,

Singh,

Thakur

et al. 2024

Journal of Investigative Medicine

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HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) are commonly used for dyslipidemia management to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) is an emerging systematic low-grade inflammatory marker associated with atherosclerotic CVD development. Despite racial/ethnic disparities in the use and response of statins and the anti-inflammatory effects of statins, the effectiveness of statins on inflammation and metabolic markers is unknown among Hispanics. We performed a retrospective cohort study using 150 adult patients scheduled for an annual physical exam at a family medicine clinic between January 1, 2021, and December 31, 2021. Effect size with a 95% confidence interval (CI) was estimated using adjusted regression analyses. Among 150 patients, 52 (34.67%) received statins. Patients who received statins had significantly reduced median hs-CRP (1.9 vs. 3.2, p=0.007), mean low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C) (101.18 vs. 124.6, p<0.001), and total cholesterol (172.6 vs. 194.5, p<0.001) concentrations compared to those who did not receive statins. In the propensity-scores matched analysis, lower concentrations of log-transformed hs-CRP (regression coefficient [RC], -0.48; 95%CI: -0.89, -0.07), LDL-C (RC, -19.57; 95%CI: -33.04, -6.1), and total cholesterol (RC, -23.47; 95%CI: -38.96, -7.98) were associated with statin use. In addition, hepatic steatosis (adjusted relative risk [aRR]=0.25; 95%CI: 0.08, 0.78, p= 0.017) was significantly lower among patients with the use of statins. Our study suggests that HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors may help reduce inflammation among Hispanic patients with dyslipidemia and hypertension. These findings have useful implications for preventing risk and disparities associated with cardiovascular and other inflammatory-induced diseases among the fastest-growing US Hispanic minorities.

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The Effect of Statin Therapy on Inflammatory Biomarkers: A Systematic Review

Cited by 8 publications

References 18 publications

Inflammatory and endothelial dysfunction markers in females with metabolic syndrome aged 50–75 years

Inflammatory and endothelial dysfunction markers in females with metabolic syndrome aged 50–75 years

Statins—Beyond Their Use in Hypercholesterolemia: Focus on the Pediatric Population

Effectiveness of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors on inflammation and metabolic markers in the US-Mexico border Hispanic population

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