The effect of stimulus strength on binocular rivalry rate in healthy individuals: Implications for genetic, clinical and individual differences studies

Law, P. C. F.; Miller, Steven M.; Ngo, Trung Thanh

doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2017.08.023

Cited by 8 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…Consistent with existing work (Law, Miller, & Ngo, 2017;Cao et al, 2018), our Experiment 1 shows that individual differences in binocular rivalry percept durations are correlated across different variants of the paradigm. Beyond existing work, the experiment shows these correlations to be substantially reduced when comparing across variants that differ in feature content, but not to be detectably reduced when comparing across variants that differ in retinal location.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…The figure also shows substantial correlations across distinct binocular rivalry conditions (all rs are highly significant; two-tailed p , 0.00001). This finding is consistent with existing work that examines correlations between different binocular rivalry variants (Law, Miller, & Ngo, 2017;Cao et al, 2018). More surprisingly, visual inspection of the correlation matrix suggests that substantially higher correlations are obtained when comparing between stimuli that only differ in retinal location (i.e., between the small and large grating stimulus or between the small and large dot stimulus), than when comparing between stimuli that differ in feature content.…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 89%

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Individual differences point to two separate processes involved in the resolution of binocular rivalry

et al. 2019

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Although binocular rivalry is different from other perceptually bistable phenomena in requiring interocular conflict, it also shares numerous features with those phenomena. This raises the question of whether, and to what extent, the neural bases of binocular rivalry and other bistable phenomena overlap. Here we examine this question using an individual-differences approach. In a first experiment, observers reported perception during four binocular rivalry tasks that differed in the features and retinal locations of the stimuli used. Perceptual dominance durations were highly correlated when compared between stimuli that differed in location only. Correlations were substantially weaker, however, when comparing stimuli comprised of different features. Thus, individual differences in binocular-rivalry perception partly reflect a feature-specific factor that is not shared among all variants of binocular rivalry. Our second experiment again included several binocular rivalry variants, but also a different form of bistability: moving plaid rivalry. Correlations in dominance durations between binocular rivalry variants that differed in feature content were again modest. Moreover, and surprisingly, correlations between binocular rivalry and moving plaid rivalry were of similar magnitude. This indicates a second, more general, factor underlying individual differences in binocular rivalry perception: one that is shared across binocular rivalry and moving plaid rivalry. We propose that the first, feature-specific factor corresponds to feature-tuned mechanisms involved in the treatment of interocular conflict, whereas the second, general factor corresponds to mechanisms involved in representing surfaces. These latter mechanisms would operate at a binocular level and be central to both binocular rivalry and other forms of bistability.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 89%

Individual differences point to two separate processes involved in the resolution of binocular rivalry

et al. 2019

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“…Evidently, then, there is no general rule that an observer's switch rates should remain yoked between different versions of a given perceptual bistability paradigm. Nevertheless, across-observers correlations between different versions of the same bistable perception phenomenon have hardly been investigated (an exception is Law, Miller, & Ngo, 2017), and determining their relation to overlap in stimulus features remains a target for future research.…”

Section: Common Factors In Vision and Suggestions For Future Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revisiting individual differences in the time course of binocular rivalry

2018

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Simultaneously showing an observer two incompatible displays, one to each eye, causes binocular rivalry, during which the observer regularly switches between perceiving one eye's display and perceiving the other. Observers differ in the rate of this perceptual cycle, and these individual differences have been reported to correlate with differences in the perceptual switch rate for other bistable perception phenomena. Identifying which psychological or neural factors explain this variability can help clarify the mechanisms underlying binocular rivalry and of bistable perception generally. Motivated by the prominent theory that perceptual switches during binocular rivalry are brought about by neural adaptation, we investigated whether perceptual switch rates are correlated with the strength of neural adaptation, indexed by visual aftereffects. We found no compelling evidence for such correlations. Moreover, we did not corroborate previous findings that switch rates are correlated between binocular rivalry and other forms of bistable perception. This latter nonreplication prompted us to perform a meta-analysis of existing research into correlations among forms of bistable perception, which revealed that evidence for such correlations is much weaker than is generally believed. By showing no common factor linking individual differences in binocular rivalry and in our other paradigms, these results fit well with other work that has shown such common factors to be rare among visual phenomena generally.

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“…The inconsistency in experimental results described above may partially arise from issues such as diagnostic classification, disease comorbidity, or medication effects, but important factors to consider are differences in the experimental stimuli used and the behavioral recording protocols (Law et al, 2017). Therefore, a key aim of the current study is to use a consistent experimental stimulus and paradigm to examine the perceptual switching dynamics in patients with different types of psychiatric disorders for a better understanding of rivalry variability across different clinical populations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Slower and Less Variable Binocular Rivalry Rates in Patients With Bipolar Disorder, OCD, Major Depression, and Schizophrenia

Zhu

Zhou³

et al. 2019

Front. Neurosci.

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When two different images are presented to the two eyes dichoptically, observers usually experience a perceptual alternation between the two images. This phenomenon, known as binocular rivalry, has been used as a powerful tool to investigate mechanisms of visual awareness. It was also found that the rates of perceptual alternation are slower in patients with bipolar disorder than in healthy controls ( Pettigrew and Miller, 1998 ; Miller et al., 2003 ). To investigate the broader clinical relevance of binocular rivalry in psychiatric disorders, we measured the perceptual alternation rates during rivalry in healthy controls ( n = 39) and in patients with different types of psychiatric disorders, including bipolar disorder type I (BD, n = 28), obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD, n = 22), major depression (MD, n = 50), schizophrenia (SCZ, n = 44), and first-degree relatives (FDRs) of SCZ patients ( n = 32). Participants viewed competing red–green images on a computer monitor through red–green anaglyph glasses and pressed buttons to record their perceptual alternations. The distributions of the rivalry rates were well described by a lognormal function in all groups. Critically, the median rate of perceptual alternation was 0.27 Hz for BD patients, 0.26 Hz for the OCD patients, 0.25 Hz for the MD patients, and 0.23 Hz and 0.27 Hz for the SCZ patients and their FDRs, respectively. All of which were significantly slower than the rate of 0.41 Hz obtained for the healthy controls, suggesting there may be shared genotypes between these different disorders. While rivalry alternations were generally slower in different types of psychiatric disorders compared to healthy controls, adding variance of rivalry rates in the analysis helped to partially separate among the different patient groups. Our results suggest that the slowing of binocular rivalry is likely due to certain common factors among the patient groups, but more subtle differences between different patient groups could be revealed when additional properties of rivalry dynamics are considered.

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The effect of stimulus strength on binocular rivalry rate in healthy individuals: Implications for genetic, clinical and individual differences studies

Cited by 8 publications

References 81 publications

Individual differences point to two separate processes involved in the resolution of binocular rivalry

Individual differences point to two separate processes involved in the resolution of binocular rivalry

Revisiting individual differences in the time course of binocular rivalry

Slower and Less Variable Binocular Rivalry Rates in Patients With Bipolar Disorder, OCD, Major Depression, and Schizophrenia

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