The Effect of Storage upon Cyanide in Blood Samples

Bright, J.E.; Inns, R.H.; Tuckwell, N.J.; Marrs, Timothy C.

doi:10.1177/096032719000900301

Cited by 22 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…For the analysis of cyanide, the largest inconsistency in the literature is analysis with different preservation techniques. For cyanide analysis, biological samples should be collected and analyzed as soon as possible and regardless of the analytical method, a preserving technique needs to be considered so that accurate concentrations of cyanide can be found (130,133,150,181,(254)(255)(256)(257)(258). It should also be considered that all biological samples will contain endogenous levels of cyanide (and its biological markers).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These considerations are common to all the analytical methods for analysis of cyanide from biological samples and certainly contribute to discrepancies in similar studies in the literature. Additionally, production and transformation of cyanide must be considered when interpreting results for post-mortem cyanide analysis (140,(252)(253)(254)(255).…”

Section: Cyanide Concentration Varies In Biological Componentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Analysis of Cyanide and its Breakdown Products in Biological Samples

Logue¹,

Hinkens²,

Baskin³

et al. 2010

Critical Reviews in Analytical Chemistry

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Cyanide is a toxic chemical that may be introduced into living organisms as a result of natural processes and/or anthropogenic uses (legal or illicit). Exposure to cyanide can be verified by analysis of cyanide or one of its breakdown products from biological samples. This verification may be important for medical, law-enforcement, military, forensic, research, or veterinary purposes. This review will discuss current bioanalytical techniques used for the verification of cyanide exposure, identify common problems associated with the analysis of cyanide and its biological breakdown products, and briefly address the metabolism and toxicokinetics of cyanide and its breakdown products in biological systems.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cyanide Concentration Varies In Biological Componentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Analysis of Cyanide and its Breakdown Products in Biological Samples

Logue¹,

Hinkens²,

Baskin³

et al. 2010

Critical Reviews in Analytical Chemistry

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“…The postmortem decay rate is fast with a half-life of about 1 h (baud et al 1991), whereas blood samples obtained from patients are often drawn hours or even days after the exposure (stamyr et al 2012). In addition, the initial cyanide concentration and the temperature at which the samples are stored before analysis may influence the decay rate (Moriya and Hashimoto 2001;bright et al 1990). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling of hydrogen cyanide levels in human breath

2014

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Hydrogen cyanide (HCN) is a potent and fast-acting toxin increasingly recognized as an important cause of death in fire victims. Prompt diagnosis and treatment of cyanide poisoning are essential to avoid fatalities. Unfortunately, there are at present few rapid diagnostic methods. A noninvasive methodology would be to use HCN in exhaled air as a marker for systemic exposure. To explore this possibility, we developed a preliminary physiologically based pharmacokinetic model. The model suggests that breath HCN levels following inhalation exposure at near-lethal and lethal conditions are 0.1-1 ppm, i.e., one to two orders of magnitude higher than the background breath level of about 0.01 ppm in unexposed subjects. Hence, our results imply that breath analysis may be used as a rapid diagnostic method for cyanide poisoning.

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“…There are many studies in the literature on the issue of sample storage and putrefaction on substances of forensic interest [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. Also such literature is continuously enriched with the emergence of new drugs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stability of trihexyphenidyl in stored blood and urine specimens

Battah

Hadidi

1998

International Journal of Legal Medicine

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Trihexyphenidyl (THP) is an anticholinergic agent with forensic toxicological interest. The stability of THP was studied in postmortem blood and urine samples at a concentration of 0.25 microgram/ml under different storage temperatures. After solid phase extraction (SFE), THP was measured by gas chromatography. On day zero and at intervals over a 6 months period, there was no significant loss of THP at the storage temperatures -20 degrees C and 4 degrees C in the spiked and authentic samples. Blood and urine samples stored at 25 degrees C showed a maximum recovery loss (about 14%) of THP after 3 months of storage. This loss was considered a significant change and corresponded to a P value < 0.046. The study demonstrates that the analysis of blood and urine samples containing THP would produce consistent results when they are stored for 6 months at -20 or 4 degrees C and for 3 months at 25 degrees C.

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The Effect of Storage upon Cyanide in Blood Samples

Cited by 22 publications

References 13 publications

The Analysis of Cyanide and its Breakdown Products in Biological Samples

The Analysis of Cyanide and its Breakdown Products in Biological Samples

Physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling of hydrogen cyanide levels in human breath

Stability of trihexyphenidyl in stored blood and urine specimens

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