The effect of straw incorporation on the uptake of nitrogen by winter wheat

Powlson, DS; Ds, Jenkinson; Pruden, G.; Johnston, Atholl

doi:10.1002/jsfa.2740360105

Cited by 80 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…We attribute the greater N availability of below-ground residues, especially that of pea, partly to their higher mineralizability resulting from lower C:N ratio of root compared to straw. The small contribution of straw residues to the subsequent crop N uptake is consistent with most findings in the literature (1 to 5% range for cereals and pulse crop residues as reported by Powlson et al 1985;Bremer and van Kessel 1992;Jensen 1994Jensen , 1996a, and suggests that removal of straw has little effect on plant N nutrition in the short term. The barley following pea also appeared to derive more of its N from the soil than the canola following barley.…”

Section: Crop Nitrogen Uptake Partitioningsupporting

confidence: 90%

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Tillage, crop residue and crop sequence effects on nitrogen availability in a legume-based cropping system

Soon¹,

Arshad²

2004

Can. J. Soil. Sci.

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Soon, Y. K. and Arshad, M. A. 2004. Tillage, crop residue and crop sequence effects on nitrogen availability in a legumebased cropping system. Can. J. Soil Sci. 84: 421-430. A field study was conducted to determine the effects and interactions of crop sequence, tillage and residue management on labile N pools and their availability because such information is sparse. Experimental treatments were no-till (NT) vs. conventional tillage (CT), and removal vs. retention of straw, imposed on a barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)-canola (Brassica rapa L.)-field pea (Pisum sativum L.) rotation. 15 N-labelling was used to quantify N uptake from straw, below-ground N (BGN), and fertilizer N. Straw retention increased soil microbial biomass N (MBN) in 2 of 3 yr at the four-leaf growth stage of barley, consistent with observed decreases in extractable soil inorganic N at seeding. However, crop yield and N uptake at maturity were not different between straw treatments. No tillage increased soil MBN, crop yield and N uptake compared to CT, but had no effect on extractable soil inorganic N. The greater availability of N under NT was probably related to soil moisture conservation. Tillage effects on soil and plant N were mostly independent of straw treatment. Straw and tillage treatments did not influence the uptake of N from its various sources. However, barley following pea (legume/non-legume sequence) derived a greater proportion of its N from BGN (13 to 23% or 9 to 23 kg N ha -1 ) than canola following barley (nonlegumes) (6 to 16% or 3 to 9 kg N ha -1 ). Fertilizer N constituted 8 to 11% of barley N uptake and 23 to 32% of canola N uptake. Straw N contributed only 1 to 3% of plant N uptake. This study showed the dominant influence of tillage on N availability, and of the preceding crop or cropping sequence on N uptake partitioning among available N sources. [421][422][423][424][425][426][427][428][429][430]. Les auteurs ont effectué une étude sur le terrain afin d'établir les effets et les interactions de la succession des cultures, du travail du sol et de la gestion des résidus de récolte sur les réserves et la disponibilité du N labile, car on sait peu de choses en la matière. Les traitements examinés étaient les suivants : non-travail (NT) contre travail ordinaire (TO) du sol et retrait ou rétention de la paille dans un assolement orge (Hordeum vulgare L.)-canola (Brassica rapa L.)-pois de grande culture (Pisum sativum L.). Les auteurs ont recouru au marquage par le 15 N pour quantifier l'absorption du N venant de la paille, du sol (NS) ou de l'engrais. La rétention de la paille a accru le N de la biomasse bactérienne (NBB) deux années sur trois au stade de la quatrième feuille, ce qui concorde avec la diminution du N minéral extractible présent dans le sol aux semis. Toutefois, le rendement et l'absorption de N à maturité ne varient pas avec le traitement de la paille. Comparativement au travail ordinaire du sol, le non-travail accroît le NBB, le rendement et l'absorption du N, sans agir sur la quantité de N minéral extractib...

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Section: Crop Nitrogen Uptake Partitioningsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Bremer and van Kessel (1992) reported that about 6% of mature lentil (Lens culinaris Medikus) and wheat straw N was assimilated by the following spring-sown crop. Others (Powlson et al 1985;Jensen 1994Jensen , 1996a found that 8 to 15% of pea and cereal straw N was recovered by the subsequent autumn-sown crops.…”

Section: Crop Nitrogen Uptake Partitioningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tillage, crop residue and crop sequence effects on nitrogen availability in a legume-based cropping system

Soon¹,

Arshad²

2004

Can. J. Soil. Sci.

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“…Soil mineral N content was significantly (P < 0.05) lower in PSBS than in PS plots at days 3 and 7. These results indicate that part of the soil N was immobilised following straw addition, as previously reported (Powlson et al 1985;Ocio et al 1991). The maximum N immobilisation occurred in PSBS at day 3 and represented 36% of slurry NH 4 -N added to the soil.…”

Section: Nitrogen Transformationssupporting

confidence: 87%

Short-term C and N dynamics in a soil amended with pig slurry and barley straw: a field experiment

Chantigny

Rochette²,

Angers³

2001

Can. J. Soil. Sci.

104

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. 2001. Short-term C and N dynamics in a soil amended with pig slurry and barley straw: a field experiment. Can. J. Soil Sci. 81: [131][132][133][134][135][136][137]. Interactions between animal slurries and crop residues can impact on soil N availability during decomposition. Our objective was to study the short-term decomposition of pig slurry and barley straw incorporated alone or in combination. A field experiment was conducted on a sandy loam unamended (control) or amended with 60 m 3 ha -1 pig slurry (PS) or 4 Mg ha -1 barley straw (BS), or both (PSBS). Surface CO 2 and N 2 O fluxes, soil water content and temperature, microbial biomass C, and NO 3 -and NH 4 + contents were monitored during 28 d in the 0-to 20-cm soil layer. Large CO 2 fluxes occurred during the first 4 h of the experiment in slurry-amended plots that were attributed to carbonate dissociation when slurry was mixed to the soil. Specific respiration activity (ratio of CO 2 -C fluxes-to-microbial biomass C) was increased in slurry-amended soils for the first 7 d, likely due to the rapid oxidation of volatile fatty acids present in slurry. After 28 d, 26% more C had been evolved in PSBS than the sum of C released from PS and BS, indicating a synergistic interaction during decomposition of combined amendments. Adding straw caused a net but transient immobilisation of soil N, especially in PSBS plots where 36% of slurry-added NH 4 + was immobilised after 3 d. Slurry-NH 4 + was rapidly nitrified (within 10 d), but N 2 O production was not a significant source of N loss during this study, representing less than 0.3% of slurry-added NH 4 + . Nevertheless, about twice the amount of N 2 O was produced in PS than in PSBS after 28 d, reflecting lower soil N availability in the presence of straw. Our study clearly illustrates the strong interaction existing between soil C and N cycles under field conditions as slurry mineral N appeared to stimulate straw-C mineralisation, whereas straw addition caused a net immobilisation of slurry N. ont été très élevés au cours des 4 premières heures de mesure dans les parcelles avec lisier, et ont été attribués à une dissociation des carbonates du lisier dans le sol. La respiration spécifique (rapport entre flux de CO 2 -C et C de la biomasse microbienne) s'est accrue de façon significative pendant 7 j suivant l'application de lisier et serait reliée à une oxydation rapide des acides gras volatils du lisier. Après 28 j, la quantité de C minéralisée dans le sol avec lisier et paille était 26 % plus élevé que la somme du C minéralisé dans le sol avec lisier ou paille seulement. Ceci suggère un synergisme dans la décomposition de la paille et du lisier lorsque incorporés simultanément. L'ajout de paille a causé une immobilisation nette mais transitoire du N du sol, spécialement dans le cas du sol avec lisier et paille où 36 % de l'azote minéral du lisier était immobilisé après 3 j. Malgré une nitrification rapide et presque complète du NH 4 + du lisier après 10 j, la production de N 2 O ne s'est pas avérée importante da...

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“…Soil nitrogen is consumed by the microorganisms involved in this process, and very little nitrogen is leached into the tile drainage, unless more precipitation occurs (Romanovskaja and Tripolskaja, 2003). Nitrogen leaching decreased by 47% when 3 t ha -1 of dry material was added to the soil (Powlson et al, 1985). However, degradation of the straw increases the amount of mobile phosphorus in the soil (Jenkyn et al, 2001).…”

Section: Effects Of Additives In Trench Backfillsmentioning

confidence: 99%