The effect of subcutaneous injections of benzedrine sulphate on the activity of white rats.

Sensitization of amphetamine-induced wheel running suppression in rats: dose and context factors

“…5 Mean (±SEM) 1-h log wheel turns over the four counterbalanced test trials for rats who, during acquisition, received either 1 or 5 mg/kg AMP paired with the wheel (groups 1 AMP/SAL and Studies in which indirect stimulants, like AMP, produced a wheel running suppression all involved animals that had, like in this study, very limited wheel experience (Williams and White 1984;Bradbury et al 1987;Geary et al 1992;Masuda et al 1996). Studies which found an elevation of running with stimulant administration largely used animals that either lived in the wheel, had access to the wheel from a side cage (Zeive 1937;Brown and Searle 1938;Searle and Brown 1938;Tainter 1943;Yagi 1963;Evans and Vaccarino 1986;Honma et al 1991;Uchihashi et al 1994;Kosobud et al 1998), or had extensive wheel experience (Irwin et al 1958;Jakubczak and Gomer 1973). In rats with long-term continuous wheel access we have found that daytime AMP injections cause an elevation in wheel running (Eikelboom, unpublished observations).…”

“…While some of the earlier studies involve repeated administration of stimulants (Zeive 1937;Searle and Brown 1938;Tainter 1943;Yagi 1963), the details of the procedures and results are vague. Recent studies with methamphetamine in mice report both an increase in wheel running that remains stable over days (Uchihashi et al 1994) and a suppression that becomes more pronounced over days (Masuda et al 1996).…”

“…Several studies have shown that the stimulants AMP (Zieve 1937;Brown and Searle 1938;Searle and Brown 1938;Tainter 1943;Evans and Vaccarino 1986;Bradbury et al 1987), cocaine (Tainter 1943;Barron et al, 1994;Ito et al 1997), and methamphetamine (Irwin et al 1958;Yagi 1963;Jakubczak and Gomer 1973;Honma et al 1991;Uchihashi et al 1994;Kosobud et al 1998) increase wheel running. Other studies have shown that AMP (Williams and White 1984;Bradbury et al 1987;Geary et al 1992) and methamphetamine (Masuda et al 1996) decrease wheel running, while apomorphine initially has little effect on wheel running (Mattingly et al 1997).…”

Psychostimulants and Cognition: A Continuum of Behavioral and Cognitive Activation

“…These data further support the idea that amphetamine's performanceenhancing effects are dissociable from its effects on locomotor activity. These findings are also in agreement with previous work showing hyperactivity in rats given amphetamine (3 mg/kg s.c.; Searle and Brown, 1938) and cognitive impairment in rats administered 0.5 mg s.c. of amphetamine (1.25 mg/kg in a 400-g rat), as measured by maze errors (Minkowsky, 1939). A reduction in learning has also been found in rats administered 7-8 mg/kg/day D-amphetamine in their drinking water, whereas those receiving 3-4 mg/kg/day were not impaired (Janicke et al, 1990).…”

General Pharmacology of Amphetamine-Like Drugs

“…Generally there is an initial alerting effect of the drug accompanied by increased exploratory behavior, grooming, rearing, and forward locomotion, later by a decrease in these activities concomitant with various stereotype behaviors, with marked species varations (see . The above description sterns from studies in rats (EHRICH and KRUMBHAAR, 1937;EHRICH et al, 1939;HAUSCHILD, 1938;SEARLE and BROWN, 1938;HEIMSTRA, 1962a, b;SILVERMAN, 1966;RANDRUP and MUNKVAD, 1967a, b;FOG, 1969;SCHI0RRING, 1971;NORTON, 1973), but similar gross behavioral effects have been observed in mice (e.g., GUNN et al, 1939;UTENA, 1966;RANDRUP and MUNKVAD, 1967a;SATINDER et al, 1970;RICHARD-SON et al, 1972), guinea pigs (UTENA et al, 1959;UTENA, 1966;RANDRUP and MUNKVAD, 1967a;LEWANDER, 1971 c;, rabbits (EHR ICH et aL 1939;BRODlE and SHORE, 1957;LAVERTY and SHARMAN, 1965), cats (EHRICH et al, 1939;WHITE et al, 1961;LAVERTY and SHARMAN, 1965;NORTON, 1967;RANDRUP and MUNKVAD, 1967a;ELLINWOOD and ESCALANTE, 1970a;ELLINWOOD, 1971 b;BELOZERTSEV, 1974), dogs (EHRICH et al, 1939;CHISTONI and BECCARI, 1940;AccoRNERo, 1947;LAVERTY and SHARMAN, 1965;WILLNER et al, 1970;BUYNISKI et al, 1974), monkeys (EHRICH et al, 1939;FITZ-GERALD...…”