The effect of sudden solar exposure on thermophysiological parameters and on plasma prolactin and cortisol concentrations in male Creole goats

Sergent, D.; Berbigier, Paul; Kann, G.; Fevre, Jean-Marie

doi:10.1051/rnd:19850504

Cited by 14 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…A similar phenomenon may explain the high cortisol peak detected in pigs immediately after exposure to supplementary artificial light in the morning after sunrise (Andersson et al, 2000). It has also been reported that in male Creole goats, an abrupt exposure to sunlight in the middle of the day can increase the cortisol levels (Sergent et al, 1985). Whether these phenomena are some kind of stress responses or more specific effects of light remains to be studied.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Serum Cortisol Levels in Goats Exhibit Seasonal But Not Daily Rhythmicity

Alila-Johansson

Eriksson

Soveri³

et al. 2003

Chronobiology International

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The aim of the study was to find out whether there is a daily rhythm in goat serum cortisol concentrations, whether the concentration profiles differ between normal light:dark and constant dark conditions, and whether any seasonal variations might be detected in daily cortisol secretion patterns. Seven Finnish landrace goats were kept at indoor temperature (18-23 degrees C) under artficial lighting that approximately simulated the annual changes of daylength at 60 degrees N. Blood samples were collected for cortisol measurements by radioimmunoassay at 2h intervals during six times of the year: winter (light:dark 6:18h), early spring (10:14h), late spring (14:10h), summer (18:6h), early fall (14:10h), and late fall (10:14h). Cortisol profiles were determined for two consecutive days, first in light:dark (LD) conditions and then in continuous darkness (DD). There was no significant daily rhythm in serum cortisol levels in any time of the year, nor did the profiles in LD and DD conditions show any differences. A significant seasonal variation was, however, detected among the overall cortisol levels. In winter, the concentrations were higher than in any other season, and from early spring to summer they were at their lowest. Under equal photoperiods, the cortisol levels were higher in fall than spring. The difference between winter and summer was confirmed the following year in LD conditions. There was on correlation between serum cortisol and progesterone levels. The results suggest that the possible circadian variation of cortisol secretion in goats is completely masked by external factors, and lighting conditions do not have immediate effects on the daily secretion patterns. The seasonal variation in the overall cortisol levels is most probably related to the changes in photoperiod, because other conditions were relatively constant during the experiment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Serum Cortisol Levels in Goats Exhibit Seasonal But Not Daily Rhythmicity

Alila-Johansson

Eriksson

Soveri³

et al. 2003

Chronobiology International

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“…O aumento da freqüência respiratória e temperatura retal está de acordo com os resultados obtidos nos trabalhos de BIANCA e KUNZ (1978), SERGENT et al (1985), KAUSHISH et al (1987), GAYÃO et al (1991), BACCARI et al (1996a) e BACCARI et al (1997. O aumento no volumeminuto respiratório e na termólise-evaporativa respiratória dos animais sob estresse estão de acordo com aqueles encontrados por BACCARI et al (1997).…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

“…Os valores observados para o volume globular revelaram que as cabras estressadas pelo calor apresentaram hemodiluição, causada pelo alto consumo de água (462,41 vs 218,17 mL/kg 0,75 /dia) nas horas mais quentes do dia. Estes resultados discordam dos obtidos por SERGENT et al (1985), em caprinos crioulos expostos à radiação solar direta; HASSAN (1989), em caprinos das raças Anglo-Nubiana, Baladi e seus cruzamentos; e OLSSON et al (1995), em cabras desidratadas prenhes, que revelaram hemoconcentração, devido à desidratação, quando estressadas. Ao contrário, BACCARI et al (1996a) e BACCARI et al (1997, estudando cabras Saanen em lactação e Os animais estressados consumiram 62,55% menos feno no período diurno (8-17 h).…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

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Efeitos do estresse térmico sobre a produção, composição química do leite e respostas termorreguladoras de cabras da raça alpina

et al. 2000

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RESUMO -Seis cabras da raça Alpina, com produção média de leite de 2,5 kg/dia, foram distribuídas aleatoriamente em dois grupos de três e submetidas à termoneutralidade ou estresse térmico por 56 dias em câmara climática. Usou-se um delineamento estatístico "crossover". A temperatura média do ar diurna, incluindo radiação solar simulada, foi de 33,84 o C. Os animais estressados aumentaram a freqüência respiratória, o volume-minuto respiratório, a termólise-evaporativa respiratória, temperatura retal e a taxa de sudorese, enquanto o volume corrente respiratório e o volume globular diminuíram. Houve também perda de peso, redução da ingestão de alimentos e duplicação do consumo de água. A produção de leite e a porcentagem de gordura, proteína, lactose e sólidos totais diminuíram. Os teores de cloretos, cálcio e fósforo não sofreram alteração. Concluiu-se que, para manter a homeotermia, as cabras mobilizaram o sistema respiratório e sudoríparo para perder calor. A alta temperatura ambiente efetiva reduziu a produção e os teores de alguns componentes do leite.Palavras-chave: cabras, composição química, estresse térmico, produção de leite Thermal Stress Effects on Milk Yield and Chemical Composition and Thermoregulatory Responses of Lactating Alpines GoatsABSTRACT -Six Alpine goats with an average milk yield of 2.5 kg/day were randomly assigned to two groups of three and allotted to thermoneutral or heat stress conditions, for 56 days in climate chamber room. A crossover experimental design was used. The goats under heat stress were exposed to a diurnal average air temperature plus simulated solar radiation of 33. 84 o C. The heat-stressed goats showed elevated respiratory frequency, respiratory minute volume, respiratory evaporation, rectal temperature and sweating rate, while the tidal volume and packed cell volume decreased. Further weight loss, decreased feed intake, and their water consumption doubled. The milk yield, the percentage of fat, protein, lactose and total solid contents decreased. The contents of chloride, calcium and phosphorus did not change. The goats mobilized the respiratory and sweating systems to lose heat to maintain homeothermy. The association between high air temperature and simulated solar radiation reduced the milk yield and the content of some milk components. IntroduçãoDo ponto de vista bioclimático, apesar de os caprinos serem considerados animais rústicos, a associação entre elevadas temperaturas e altas umidades do ar e radiação pode acarretar alterações comportamentais e fisiológicas, como aumento da temperatura da pele, elevação da temperatura retal, aumento da freqüência respiratória, diminuição da ingestão de alimentos e redução do nível de produção (LU, 1989).Embora a cabra leiteira seja importante fonte produtora de proteínas e minerais para o consumo humano, tem havido limitado esforço para descrever os efeitos do estresse térmico sobre sua produtividade.BIANCA e KUNZ (1978) mostraram que cabras leiteiras, em condições estressantes (40,0 o C e 30% UR) tiveram a temperatura re...

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“…On the other hand, a decrease in the dopaminergic neurons activity was also observed in HS calves [39]. The drop of levodopa synthesis may be the result of the hypersecretion of its antagonist prolactin, as observed in response to HS in goats [40], ewes [41] and cows [42]. Prolactin is not only a hormone related to milk production, but has a broad variety of biological functions related to thermoregulation and water balance.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heat stress modifies the lactational performances and the urinary metabolomic profile related to gastrointestinal microbiota of dairy goats

Contreras-Jodar

Nayan

Hamzaoui

et al. 2018

Preprint

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22 23 ¶ These authors contributed equally to this work 24 25 26 27 2 28 Abstract29 The aim of the study was to identify the candidate biomarkers of heat stress (HS) in the 30 urine of lactating dairy goats through the application of proton Nuclear Magnetic 31 Resonance ( 1 H NMR)-based metabolomic analysis. Dairy does (n = 16) in mid-lactation 32 were submitted to thermal neutral (TN; indoors; 15 to 20°C; 40 to 45% humidity) or HS 33 (climatic chamber; 37°C day, 30°C night; 40% humidity) conditions according to a crossover 34 design (2 periods of 21 days). Thermophysiological traits and lactational performances 35 were recorded and milk composition analyzed during each period. Urine samples were 36 collected at day 15 of each period for 1 H NMR spectroscopy analysis. Principal component 37 analysis (PCA) and partial least square-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) assessment with 38 cross validation were used to identify the goat urinary metabolome from Human 39 Metabolome Data Base. HS increased rectal temperature (1.2°C), respiratory rate (3.5-40 fold) and water intake (74%), but decreased feed intake (35%) and body weight (5%) of the 41 lactating does. No differences were detected in milk yield, but HS decreased the milk 42 contents of fat (9%), protein (16%) and lactose (5%). Metabolomics allowed separating TN 43 and HS urinary clusters by PLS-DA. Most discriminating metabolites were hippurate and 44 other phenylalanine (Phe) derivative compounds, which increased in HS vs. TN does. The 45 greater excretion of these gut-derived toxic compounds indicated that HS induced a 46 harmful gastrointestinal microbiota overgrowth, which should have sequestrated aromatic 47 amino acids for their metabolism and decreased the synthesis of neurotransmitters and 48 thyroid hormones, with negative impact on milk yield and composition. In conclusion, HS 49 markedly changed the thermophysiological traits and lactational performances of dairy 50 goats, which were translated into their urinary metabolomic profile through the presence 51 of gut-derived toxic compounds. Hippurate and other Phe-derivative compounds are 52 suggested as urinary biomarkers to detect heat stressed dairy animals in practice. 53 54 Introduction 55 Exposure to high ambient temperature induces several physiological responses in order to 56 maintain body homeostasis. Animals suffer from heat stress (HS) when physiological 57 mechanisms fail to counterbalance an excessive heat load [1]. Exposure of dairy animals to 58 HS results in a decline in their productive [2] and reproductive [3] performances due to a 59 strong metabolic disruption. Dairy animals under HS typically show decreased feed intake,60 increased water consumption and thermophysiological traits, such as respiratory rate and 61 rectal temperature, when compared to thermoneutral (TN). Usually, HS reduces milk yield 62 and impairs milk composition in dairy goats [4]. Although these negative effects on milk 3 63 production are traditionally attributed to a decline in feed intake, pair-fed TN experiments ...

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The effect of sudden solar exposure on thermophysiological parameters and on plasma prolactin and cortisol concentrations in male Creole goats

Cited by 14 publications

References 4 publications

Serum Cortisol Levels in Goats Exhibit Seasonal But Not Daily Rhythmicity

Serum Cortisol Levels in Goats Exhibit Seasonal But Not Daily Rhythmicity

Efeitos do estresse térmico sobre a produção, composição química do leite e respostas termorreguladoras de cabras da raça alpina

Heat stress modifies the lactational performances and the urinary metabolomic profile related to gastrointestinal microbiota of dairy goats

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