The effect of superficial trunk muscle exercise and deep trunk muscle exercise on the foot pressure of healthy adults

Abstract

[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of superficial trunk muscle exercise and deep trunk muscle exercise on the foot pressure of healthy adults. [Subjects] The subjects were 30 healthy females and males who agreed to participate in this study. There were two groups, a superficial trunk muscle exercise group and a deep trunk muscle exercise group, with 15 participants in each. [Methods] The exercises were conducted 5 times a week for 4 weeks for both groups. A gait analyzer was used to measure foot plantar pressure while walking on a plate. Participants were measured before starting the exercise and after 4 weeks. The paired t-test was used to analyze the pre-and post-test results. [Results] There were no significant differences in foot pressure in any region in the superficial trunk muscle exercise group. In the deep trunk muscle exercise group, there were statistically significant increase in F1, F4, F5, R1 and R3. In addition, there were significant decreases in R2 and R4. [Conclusion] After the 4-week deep trunk muscle exercise group decreases in foot pressure on the inner foot and increases on the outside of the feet indicate normal and overall even distribution of body weight on the feet.

Effect of Pulmonary Rehabilitation on Erector Spinae Muscles in Individuals With COPD

“…Trunk stabilization muscles are categorized as deep or superficial. 45 ESMs are categorized as superficial muscles because they do not directly attach to vertebrae and stabilization is limited to pressurized spinal segments. The deep trunk muscles consist of the transversus abdominis, multifidus, quadratus lumborum, and rotatores muscles, which attach to individual lumbar vertebrae and provide control and rigidity for spinal segments.…”

Comparison of gait before and after superficial trunk muscle exercise and deep trunk muscle exercise

“…According to Suzy et al 5 ) , when deep trunk muscle exercises were performed, the foot pressure of the toe side, the lateral side, and the heels increased. This is considered to be associated with the results of this study, where the time of foot flat became longer during heel contact and the time of toe off became longer during heel off.…”

“…Exercise was done 5 times a week for 4 weeks. The superficial muscle exercise and deep muscle exercise programs were based on a program by Kim et al 5 ) . The superficial and deep trunk muscle exercise programs had 10 main exercises.…”

“…Muscles located in the deep parts of the trunk increase trunk stability, maintain spinal posture, engage in respiration, adjust unconscious movements, and maintain proper posture 3 , 4 , 5 ) . While the superficial trunk muscles also aid in trunk stability, they are located on the lateral sides of the body and they mostly respond to strong forces or outside forces 2 ) .…”

“…These groups of trunk muscles affect different functions, such as balance, gait, foot pressure, breathing, and proprioception 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 ) . This study examines the effects of superficial and deep trunk muscle exercise on gait.…”