The effect of supplemental concentrate feed on live weight gain of yearling heifers over grazing season in subirrigated rangelands of East Anatolia

Threshold Rangeland Condition for Rangeland Restoration Investments and the Financial Equivalent of Liveweight Losses Due to Rangeland Degradation

“…4 Of particular note is that the LW gains were lower considering the whole season (June-October period) than that in June-August period in average and especially in draught season. This can be explained by the greater herbage mass during June-August and the decrease in rangeland herbage due to grazing coupled with the decreasing nutrient content of maturing plants over the course of the season Harris, 1950, 1979;Cogswell and Kamstra, 1976;Mermer et al, 2011;Koç et al, 2014).…”

“…Although, concentrate supplements increased LW gain across all data-collection periods, LW gains driven by concentrates were more distinctive in draught season of the year 2006 than the humid season in the year 2007. Again, cows lost some what they gained during June-August period as the range forage decreases in amount and maturates due to grazing and lignination during the first grazing season of 2006 (Cook and Harris, 1950;Cogswell and Kamstra, 1976;Mermer et al, 2011;Koç et al, 2014).…”

Changes in some vegetation properties of the rangelands of the Palandöken Mountains, Erzurum, over two decades

“…When rangeland is overgrazed, the palatable plant contribution to the botanical composition and rangeland conditions declines (Ateş, 2017). Heavy grazing is one of the main reasons for rangeland deterioration in Turkey when compared to other parts of the world (Koç et al, 2014).…”

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IntroductionRangelands cover about half of the eastern Anatolian region surface area and have crucial importance for extensive animal raising enterprises. Almost all of the rangelands in the region, as in all of Turkey, are under common usage right with uncontrolled grazing, namely year-round heavy grazing, which is a major concern in those areas (Koç et al, 2014). These usages have substantial effects on the composition, richness, and successional trend of the rangeland vegetation (Beguin et al, 2011;Zhang et al, 2018).

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“…When rangeland is overgrazed, the palatable plant contribution to the botanical composition and rangeland conditions declines (Ateş, 2017). Heavy grazing is one of the main reasons for rangeland deterioration in Turkey when compared to other parts of the world (Koç et al, 2014).Elevation, slope aspect (compass direction), and the degree of slope are the main topographic factors that cause variations in the vegetation structure, composition, and productivity of rangelands (Holechek et al, 2011). Changes in the solar radiation frequency and duration, which affect microclimatic conditions, are responsible for these variations (Rosenberg et al, 1983).…”