The effect of supplementary cementing materials on alkali-silica reaction: A review

Thomas, M D

doi:10.1016/j.cemconres.2010.11.003

Cited by 411 publications

(226 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The silica fume ternary blend was less effective than the other SCM combinations used to reduce expansions in the mortar bars made with the CalPort aggregate, though a reduction in expansion was observed. It has been shown that higher levels of silica fume may decrease expansions further to acceptable levels (Thomas, 2011); however, higher dosages of silica fume can have negative impacts on the workability of concrete. This is a particularly acute concern when using RCA which, due to its high absorption capacity, already decreases workability in concrete mixtures.…”

Section: Mitigation Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Metakaolin has a high aluminum oxide content (typically around 45%) (Kosmatka, Kerkhoff et al, 2008). The introduction of alumina causes the C-S-H structure to form C-A-S-H (calcium alumino silicate hydrate), which has an even greater capacity to bind alkalis than C-S-H (Ramlochan, Thomas et al, 2000;Thomas, 2011). C-S-H is formed during cement hydration and C-A-S-H can be formed as a result of the pozzolonic reaction produced using fly ash provided sufficient alumina is present in the fly ash (Thomas, 2011), thus further reducing alkali-silica reactivity.…”

Section: Mitigation Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The introduction of alumina causes the C-S-H structure to form C-A-S-H (calcium alumino silicate hydrate), which has an even greater capacity to bind alkalis than C-S-H (Ramlochan, Thomas et al, 2000;Thomas, 2011). C-S-H is formed during cement hydration and C-A-S-H can be formed as a result of the pozzolonic reaction produced using fly ash provided sufficient alumina is present in the fly ash (Thomas, 2011), thus further reducing alkali-silica reactivity. The silica fume ternary blend was less effective than the other SCM combinations used to reduce expansions in the mortar bars made with the CalPort aggregate, though a reduction in expansion was observed.…”

Section: Mitigation Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cracking will allow more moisture to enter the system, which will subsequently be absorbed by the ASR gel and likely result in further expansion and additional cracking. ASR can be mitigated through the use of supplementary cementitious materials (SCM) such as fly ash, ground granulated blast furnace slag, metakaolin, or silica fume incorporated into the fresh concrete mixture (Fournier and Malhotra, 1996;Shehata and Thomas, 2000;Quanlin and Naiqian, 2004;Mirdamadi, Layssi et al, 2008;Thomas, 2011). Though the mechanisms by which SCM works to mitigate ASR are not fully understood, it is believed that during hydration they help to bind alkalis, either through the creation of calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) or the conversion of calcium hydroxide (CH) to C-S-H, making them less available for the ASR reaction (Folliard, Thomas et al, 2006;Thomas, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Durability Assessment of Recycled Concrete Aggregates for Use in New Concrete Phase II

Ideker¹

2014

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Type of Report and Period Covered14. Sponsoring Agency Code 15. Supplementary Notes 16. Abstract: This Phase II investigation into the durability of new concrete incorporating recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) focused on several goals: 1) Provide corroboration of results obtained in Phase I for a multi-laboratory study related to assessing alkali-silica reactivity (ASR) of RCA in accelerated laboratory tests; 2) Investigate the efficacy of mitigation methods to control ASR in concrete containing potentially reactive RCA; 3) Establish long-term data through placement of concrete blocks containing RCA in an outdoor exposure site in Laramie, WY; and 4) Survey state DOTs and other transportation agencies about their perceptions and usage of RCA ASR in concrete within their agency and how that may be improved through the use of a database tracking tool. From Phase II the following main conclusions were drawn: 1) The coefficient of variation limits in ASTM C 1260-07 do not apply to concrete mortar bars incorporating RCA. It is recommended that further testing, using different RCA and more laboratories (at least six), should be completed before a new standard for RCA and/or incorporation of RCA into the current ASTM C 1260 test may be allowed. 2) Generally, as the replacement level of RCA was reduced, the amount of SCM needed to control deleterious ASR also decreased for the RCA sources investigated in this study. 3) Ternary blends containing metakaolin resulted in the most significant decrease in expansions compared to the mixtures with no SCMs.The results of the transportation agency survey showed the following: 1) A vast majority of agencies believed that sustainability was important to their agency and that it was addressed in a clear and meaningful way. 2) A majority, 54%, of agencies believed they had specific guidance for the use of RCA in new concrete; however, only 15% believed that there was strong information from the federal level about the use of RCA in new construction. 3) Of all respondents, 77% indicated their agency was concerned about alkali-silica reaction in concrete in general for their agency. 4) The biggest barriers to using RCA were noted as concerns about quality, a lack of standards and specifications, and unclear guidance on the testing of RCA. 5) The biggest concerns specific to a source of RCA when considering it for use in new construction were increased shrinkage concerns, ASR and residual chlorides. 6) The most sought-after information about a potential RCA source when considering it for use were the existing condition of the RCA when it was taken out of service, the reason it was taken out of service, whether repairs were performed to the structural element taken out of service, and the age of the RCA. 17.

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Section: Mitigation Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mitigation Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mitigation Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Durability Assessment of Recycled Concrete Aggregates for Use in New Concrete Phase II

Ideker¹

2014

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“…silica fume, fly ash, ground granulated blastfurnace slag, metakaolin) or use of lithium salts. SCMs control expansion due to ASR by binding alkalis and limiting their availability for reaction with alkali-silica reactive aggregates [10].…”

Section: Alkali-aggregate Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of concrete structures deteriorated by alkali-aggregate reaction: case study

Costa

Torres²,

Neves³

2016

J Build Rehabil

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This research aims to analyze the alkali-aggregate reaction with the case study of a waterfront structure pier, a reinforced concrete structure located in a marine environment in Brazil. In the present work is done a literature review on the subject of alkali-aggregate reaction, focusing on Brazilian standards, addressing the chemical mechanism, risk analysis and prevention of this pathological phenomenon. That said, petrographic analyses are also carried out for the characterization of the aggregates used in the structures of mooring dolphins of that pier. The results obtained in laboratory tests reveal the presence of characteristic minerals of the alkali-aggregate reaction in Dolphin C. However, the alkali-aggregate reaction has, as one of its features, the heterogeneous distribution along the affected structures, reason why it is very difficult to establish their degree of development and evolution stage. Therefore, it is not possible to define if the expansive process evidenced in Dolphin C will still be occurring over the years.

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Physico‐Chemical Mechanisms. Experimental Test

Sellier¹,

Grimal²,

Multon³

et al. 2017

Swelling Concrete in Dams and Hydraulic Structures

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The effect of supplementary cementing materials on alkali-silica reaction: A review

Cited by 411 publications

References 19 publications

Durability Assessment of Recycled Concrete Aggregates for Use in New Concrete Phase II

Durability Assessment of Recycled Concrete Aggregates for Use in New Concrete Phase II

Analysis of concrete structures deteriorated by alkali-aggregate reaction: case study

Physico‐Chemical Mechanisms. Experimental Test

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