The effect of surface roughness on ceramics used in dentistry: A review of literature

Abstract

Long term clinical success of modern dental ceramics depends on a number of factors. These factors include the physical properties of the material, the laboratory fabrication process, the laboratory fabrication technique and clinical procedures that may damage these brittle materials. The surface structure and composition of a dental restorative material influences the initial bacterial adhesion, and a rough material surface will accumulate more plaque. Biomaterials for the restoration of oral function are prone to biofilm formation, affecting oral health. An up to date online database search was performed using the keywords “bacterial biofilm,” “ceramic strength,” “dental ceramics” and “surface roughness.” The searches were performed on Medline/PubMed, and Scopus and the cross references were further searched in the databases to verify further studies. The relevant papers included original articles, systemic reviews, case reports and letters to the editor. All the papers were reviewed, and the most relevant studies were selected for referencing by the author. The aim of this paper is to highlight the influence of rougher surfaces on the ceramic strength and plaque accumulation leading to bacterial biofilm formation.

Influence of Surface Properties on Adhesion Forces and Attachment ofStreptococcus mutansto ZirconiaIn Vitro

“…In clinic, chair-side modifications and adjustments for the zirconia restorations are sometimes inevitable in order to achieve an optimal interproximal contact condition and occlusal relationship [31]. These procedures are usually performed by grinding the ceramic surface which may cause loss of the glazed layer and result in roughened surfaces despite following sequential polish [32].…”

Feldspati̇k Ve Li̇tyum Di̇si̇li̇kat Cam Porselenleri̇n Yüzey Pürüzlülüğü Üzeri̇nde Farkli Yüzey İşlemleri̇ni̇n Etki̇si̇ni̇n İncelenmesi̇

“…19 Uygulanacak glaze ve polisaj işlemleri, yüzey pürüzsüzlüğü sağlayarak porselen dayanımlarını arttırır ve karşı diş üzerindeki abraziv özellikleri azaltır. 20 Ayrıca yapılan glaze ve polisaj işlemleri, yumuşak doku enfeksiyonlarını engelleyerek, estetik görünümü de sağlamış olur. 21 Bu yüzden farklı yüzey bitirme tekniklerinden sonra, porselenlerde oluşan yüzey pürüzlülükleri, protez uzmanlarının üzerinde yoğun-laştıkları bir konu olmuştur.…”

Investigation of Bacterial Adhesion on Nanoparticle Filler-Reinforced Dental Composites after Different One-Step Finishing Timing Using a Constant-Depth Film Fermenter

“…The set of clinical procedures, such as contouring, finishing and polishing steps to reach an appropriated smoothness rely on the chairside polishing protocol used by the operator [12]. In general, finishing/polishing procedures leads to surface roughness that is undetectable by patient's tip tongue and presents a pleasant appearance [13]. For that, it has been proposed "one-step" polishing systems, polishing approach that meets the clinical demand for achieving a smooth surface within a minimum amount of time using a single instrument.…”