The Effect of Surface Treatment of the Dental Implant on the Seointegration in Mandibular Posterior Missing Teeth: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial

Abstract

INTRODUCTION:Dental implants have lately emerged as a feasible therapeutic alternative for replacing missing teeth. Implants have undergone continuous improvement to increase their functionality and longevity to meet patients' needs for shorter treatment periods and the need to deal with increasingly complex clinical situations. Surface modifications have been the focus of continuous improvement in modern implants, guiding a new era of surface treatment with chemically modified hydrophilic surfaces. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the impact of "Hydrophilic Surface Implants (HSI)" on osseointegration in comparison to "Nonhydrophilic Surface Implants (NSI) in the mandibular posterior area. Methodology: This randomized controlled clinical trial was executed on twelve patients with missing mandibular posterior teeth, randomly allocated into two groups. Group I: six patients received hydrophilic dental implants (HSI), while Group II: six patients received "Nonhydrophilic Surface Implants (NSI). Implant stability, bone density, marginal bone loss, and biochemical analysis of bone formation using Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) were all assessed for both groups. RESULTS: There were no significant differences between the two groups concerning implant stability (P=0.381), bone density around the implants (P=0.326), marginal bone loss around the implants (P=0.416), or biomarkers of bone formation (RUNX2) (P=0.828) along the course of the clinical trial. CONCLUSION: The Hydrophilic Surface Implants (HSI)) showed better results compared to Nonhydrophilic Surface Implants (NSI) in all investigated parameters, although the difference was not statistically