The Effect of Surface Treatments on the Degradation of Biomedical Mg Alloys—A Review Paper

Gawlik, Marcjanna Maria; Wiese, Björn; Desharnais, Valérie; Ebel, Thomas; Willumeit‐Römer, Regine

doi:10.3390/ma11122561

Cited by 47 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 120 publications

(302 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“… 50 In other cases, the corrosion resistance provided by the MgO layers on Mg strongly depended on the combination of surface morphology, surface roughness, surface area, surface wettability, and thickness of MgO. 64 , 65 Our previous results showed that MgO layers prepared by both anodization and EPD affected the degradation mode and rate of Mg after a 9-day immersion in the revised simulated body fluid (r-SBF) and Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM); that is, such oxide layers resulted in more homogeneous degradation mode and reduced the initial H 2 gas release when compared with noncoated Mg controls. 41 , 42 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial Properties of MgO Nanostructures on Magnesium Substrates

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Magnesium (Mg) and its alloys have attracted increasing attention in recent years as medical implants for repairing musculoskeletal injuries because of their promising mechanical and biological properties. However, rapid degradation of Mg and its alloys in physiological fluids limited their clinical translation because the accumulation of hydrogen (H 2 ) gas and fast release of OH – ions could adversely affect the healing process. Moreover, infection is a major concern for internally implanted devices because it could lead to biofilm formation, prevent host cell attachment on the implants, and interfere osseointegration, resulting in implant failure or other complications. Fabricating nanostructured magnesium oxide (MgO) on magnesium (Mg) substrates is promising in addressing both problems because it could slow down the degradation process and improve the antimicrobial activity. In this study, nanostructured MgO layers were created on Mg substrates using two different surface treatment techniques, i.e., anodization and electrophoretic deposition (EPD), and cultured with Staphylococcus aureus in vitro to determine their antimicrobial properties. At the end of the 24-h bacterial culture, the nanostructured MgO layers on Mg prepared by anodization or EPD both showed significant bactericidal effect against S. aureus . Thus, nanostructured MgO layers on Mg are promising for reducing implant-related infections and complications and should be further explored for clinical translation toward antimicrobial biodegradable implants.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial Properties of MgO Nanostructures on Magnesium Substrates

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Higher roughness is attributed to pit formation, resulting in higher difference between peaks and valleys. The roughness of a surface may have influence of the initial degradation of an implant or improve cell density or is even useful to vary the morphology of coatings [64][65][66][67]. For this reason, a variation of etching parameter allows the formation of a required morphology, dependent on the application.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acetic Acid Etching of Mg-xGd Alloys

Gawlik

Wiese

Welle

et al. 2019

Metals

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Mg-xGd alloys show potential to be used for degradable implants. As rare earth containing alloys, they are also of special interest for wrought products. All applications from medical to engineering uses require a low and controlled degradation or corrosion rate without pitting. Impurities from fabrication or machining, like Fe inclusions, encourage pitting, which inhibits uniform material degradation. This work investigates a suitable etching method to remove surface contamination and to understand the influence of etching on surface morphology. Acetic acid (HAc) etching as chemical surface treatment has been used to remove contamination from the surface. Extruded Mg-xGd (x = 2, 5 and 10) discs were etched with 250 g/L HAc solution in a volume of 5 mL or 10 mL for different times. The microstructure in the near surface region was characterized. Surface characterization was done by SEM, EDS, interferometry, and ToF-SIMS (time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry) analysis. Different etching kinetics were observed due to microstructure and the volume of etching solution. Gd rich particles and higher etching temperatures due to smaller etchant volumes promote the formation of pits. Removal of 2–9 µm of material from the surface was sufficient to remove surface Fe contamination and to result in a plain surface morphology.

show abstract

“…This result was not in agreement with the roughness measurements, where the RMS and R a values of this film were higher than the 52.5 nm-thick TiO 2 film. Gawlik et al [1] stated that in some cases, the roughness does not influence the degradation rate of coated alloys [11]. The polarization resistance of the MgCa2Zn1Gd3 alloy with a thinner TiO 2 film was 445 Ω•cm 2 , while the thicker film reached an R p value of 479 Ω•cm 2 .…”

Section: X For Peer Review 7 Of 14mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Magnesium alloys are widely used in medicine because of their many suitable properties, e.g., high mechanical strength, lightweight, etc. [1]. They are also nontoxic and biocompatible, but magnesium is one of the most electrochemically active metals [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure and Corrosion Behavior of TiO2 Thin Films Deposited by ALD on a Biomedical Magnesium Alloy

Kania

Szindler

2021

Coatings

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Magnesium alloys have been investigated as temporary biomaterials for orthopedic applications. Despite their high osseointegration and mechanical (bone-like) properties, Mg alloys quickly degrade in simulated physiological media. Surface coatings can be deposited onto Mg alloys to slow the corrosion rate of these biomaterials in chloride-rich environments. TiO2 films show high potential for improving the corrosion resistance of magnesium alloys. This article presents the structural observations and corrosion behavior of TiO2 thin films deposited onto a MgCa2Zn1Gd3 alloy using atomic layer deposition (ALD). Surface morphologies were observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM), and Raman analysis of the deposited TiO2 films was also carried out. The corrosion behavior of the uncoated alloy and the alloy coated with TiO2 was measured in Ringer’s solution at 37 °C using electrochemical and immersion tests. The microscopic observations of the TiO2 thin films with a thickness of about 52.5 and 70 nm showed that the surface morphology was homogeneous without visible defects on the TiO2 surface. The electrochemical and immersion test results showed that the thin films decreased the corrosion rate of the studied Mg-based alloy, and the corrosion resistance was higher in the thicker TiO2 film.

show abstract

The Effect of Surface Treatments on the Degradation of Biomedical Mg Alloys—A Review Paper

Cited by 47 publications

References 120 publications

Antimicrobial Properties of MgO Nanostructures on Magnesium Substrates

Antimicrobial Properties of MgO Nanostructures on Magnesium Substrates

Acetic Acid Etching of Mg-xGd Alloys

Structure and Corrosion Behavior of TiO2 Thin Films Deposited by ALD on a Biomedical Magnesium Alloy

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About