The effect of surfactants on the porosity of carbon xerogels

Hydrogenation of succinic acid to 1,4-butanediol over Re–Ru bimetallic catalysts supported on mesoporous carbon

“…All the catalysts exhibited IV-type isotherms indicative of mesoporous structure. H3-type hysteresis loops were also observed in the isotherms, which were attributed to the capillary condensation of nitrogen molecules in the well-developed mesopores of carbon support [23]. Detailed textural properties of (0.6 − x)Re-xRu/MC (x = 0, 0.15, 0.3, 0.45, and 0.6) catalysts are listed in Table 1.…”

Designing Nanostructured Carbon Xerogels

“…The nature of gas used during the carbonization may also have an effect on the porous and structural properties of carbon gels. Starting with the porous texture, most of the literature about carbon xerogels uses N 2 or Ar atmosphere as carrier during carbonization, resulting in materials with specific surfaces areas of approximately 600-700 m 2 g -1 (Calvo et al, 2011a;Job et al, 2004;Matos et al, 2006;Zhu et al, 2007). However, it has been reported that the treatment of organic xerogels with ammonia produces carbon xerogels with specific surface areas above 1000 m 2 g -1 (Kang et al, 2008).…”

“…While there is an abundant literature about the effect of the different stages of carbon gel synthesis (i.e. gelation, curing, drying, carbonization and activation) on the surface area, pore volume and pore size distribution (Czzakel et al, 2005, Job et al, 2004Lin & Ritter, 2000;Matos et al, 2006;Zubizarreta et al, 2008a), the situation regarding the mechanical and chemical properties is quiet different. Although, in some cases, these parameters may be slightly influenced by the synthesis procedure followed, it is usually necessary to carry out additional processes to produce any significant changes in the mechanical or chemical properties of carbon gels (Gryzb et al, 2010;Gorgulho et al, 2009;Job et al, 2007b;Lee et al, 2011;Pérez-Cadenas et al, 2009;Silva et al, 2009).…”

Synthesis of carbon xerogel particles and fractal-like structures

“…Synthesis and characterization of carbon microspheres and other structures of carbon have been of interest in recent years by many researchers (Al-Muhtaseb and Ritter, 2003;Horikawa et al, 2004;Job et al, 2004Job et al, , 2006Kim et al, 2006;Matos et al, 2006;Pekala, 1989;Pekala and Alviso, 1992;Pekala et al, 1994Pekala et al, , 1998Pol et al, 2004;Shen et al, 2005Shen et al, , 2006Tamon and Ishizaka, 1998;Tonanon et al, 2003;Xu et al, 2005;Yamamoto et al, 2002), especially in the context of carbon-based micro-electromechanical devices (C-MEMS). The patterned as well as non-patterned carbon electrodes in different forms (graphitic/non-graphitic) are used extensively in rechargeable batteries and fuel cells (Hasegawa et al, 2004;Park et al, 2007;Pekala et al, 1994Pekala et al, , 1998Wang et al, 2006).…”

“…This structure is carbonized in an inert atmosphere (pyrolysis) to produce the corresponding carbogel. Recently, Job et al (2004Job et al ( , 2006 and Matos et al (2006) have reported the synthesis of the porous carbon xerogels also.…”