The Effect of Systemic Delivery of Aminoguanidine Versus Doxycycline on the Resorptive Phase of Alveolar Bone Following Modified Widman Flap in Diabetic Rats : A Histopathological and Scanning Electron Microscope ( SEM ) Study

Abstract

Abstract:Objectives: Aminoguanidine (guanylhydrazinehydrochloride) is a drug that prevents many of the classical systemic complications of diabetes including diabetic osteopenia through its inhibitory activity on the accumulation of advanced glycation end -products (AGEs). The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of aminoguanidine versus doxycycline in reducing alveolar bone resorption following mucoperiosteal flap in diabetic rats, using the conventional histopathology and scanning electron microscope (SEM).Methods: Twenty-seven male albino rats were used in this study. Periodontal defects were induced experimentally on lower anterior teeth. All rats were subjected to induction of diabetes, by IV injection of the pancreatic B-cells toxin alloxan monohydrate. After eight weeks following the establishment of periodontal defects in all rats, the ligation was removed and 3 rats were scarified as negative control (group1). The remaining animals were divided into three group based on treatment applied following mucoperiosteal flap surgery. Group 2receivedsaline treatment only, group 3 received doxycycline periostat (1.5 mg/kg/day) for 3 weeks, and group 4 received aminoguanidine (7.3 mmol/kg) for 3 weeks. The fasting glucose level was measured weekly post operatively. After 21 days all rats were sacrificed. Three anterior parts of the mandible of each group was prepared for histopathologicalexamination and two parts were prepared for SEM.Results: Aminoguanidine treated group (group4) showed statistically significant increased new bone formation, higher number of osteoblasts and decrease osteoclasts number, resorptive lacunae and existing inflammatory cell infiltration as compared to positive control group (group 2) (P<0.05). Doxycycline was also effective in reducing bone loss as documental by histopathological study. Conclusion:The present study showed that aminoguanidine was significantly effective in reducing alveolar bone loss and can modify the detrimental effects of diabetes in alveolar bone resorption.

Novel Insight into the Mechanisms of the Bidirectional Relationship between Diabetes and Periodontitis

“…Importantly, blockade of RAGE in DM mice orally treated with P. gingivalis reduced TNF-α and IL-6 production and periodontal bone loss [ 176 ]. Furthermore, treatment of LIP-DM rats with aminoguanidine, which prevents AGE accumulation, reduced inflammatory cell infiltration, increased osteoblast number, and reduced osteoclast number [ 177 ], confirming the importance of AGE-induced inflammation in coupling DM to periodontal destruction.…”

The Effect of Bisphosphonates and Low-Dose Doxcycline Therapy in Diabetics With Periodontitis: A Review

“…Moreover, Özdemir et al 7 found that LDD administration did not affect alveolar bone levels in the diabetic rat with ligature-induced periodontitis. On the contrary, Tella et al 105 analyzed the effects of LDD on periodontal defects by experimentally inducing on the lower anterior teeth using an orthodontic elastic ligature in diabetic rats. They found that there was a significant increase of the number of osteoblasts and decreased number of osteoclasts and inflammatory cell infiltration in the doxycycline treated group when compared to control group.…”

“…LDD was also effective in decreasing bone resorping activity in the diabetic rats. 105 It asserted that the results of studies can be effected some factor, such as the number of rats in the study, excessive trauma caused during defect preparation, nonoptimum defect size, and variable glucose levels in the rats. …”

Effect of Propolis on Induced Alveolar Bone Loss in Diabetic Rats

“…The specimens were then dehydrated in the graded series of aqueous ethanol solution 50%, 70%, 90%, and 100% for one hour for each specimen. Then they were airdried, mounted on aluminum SEM stubs with silver paint and sputter coated with gold using an ion coater (sputter coater) (29). The specimens were examined by SEM using a 20-kV accelerating voltage; to observe the alveolar bone surface integrity buccally using magnifications X500 & X3500.…”