The effect of table olive wastewater extract administration on the adult ovariectomised rat model of osteoporosis

Abstract

Recent efforts for alternative non-pharmaceutical treatments for postmenopausal osteoporosis are focused on nutritional measures. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of table olive wastewater extract (OE) administration on bone mineral density (BMD) and biomechanical strength in ovariectomized rats. Thirty mature 9-month-old female Wistar rats were separated into 3 groups of ten; Control, Ovariectomized (OVX) and OVX+OE. BMD was measured before ovariectomy, 3 and 6 months afterwards. At the end of the study, blood, both femurs and tibias, internal organs and abdominal fat were collected. After three months, the percentage changes from baseline of the total and proximal tibial BMD of the OVX+OE group were both higher compared to the OVX group (p<0.005). Similar results were found after six months, when the percentage changes from baseline of the total and proximal tibial BMD of the OVX+OE group were both higher compared to the OVX group (p<0.005). Biomechanical testing of the femurs did not reveal any statistically significant difference between the groups. Body weights throughout the study, organs’ and abdominal fat ratios to final body weight, blood results (alanine aminotransferase; ALT, Gamma-glutamyltransferase; γ-GT, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein; HDL-cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein; LDL-cholesterol, calcium, phosphorus) were within normal limits and did not show any significant difference between the treated and untreated groups. As a conclusion, the administration of table olive wastewater extract for 6 months protected tibial BMD loss in comparison to the untreated OVX group without causing adverse effects.

The Effect ofCeratonia siliquaSupplement on Bone Mineral Density in Ovariectomy-induced Osteoporosis in Rats

“…Consequently, longer (>6 months) study periods and a more sensitive detection approach in the case of older animals may be the reasons that no other statistically significant changes regarding biomechanical testing were observed among groups in such osteoporotic studies (105)(106)(107). The limited duration of study as a possible cause of the three-point bending results has been well-discussed by Zervas et al (102). However, a transient rise in cortical bone strength of the femoral diaphysis that declines after 9 months has been reported (45).…”

“…Thus, the significantly lowered cross-sectional area index of the control group compared to the OVX+CS group for the left femur may be another indication of the potent osteoprotective effect of C. siliqua. This result becomes more significant considering that the three-point bending test assesses mechanical properties of femoral cortical bone since it consists of the greatest part of the femoral midshaft (101)(102)(103). In rats, cortical bone responds slowly to ovariectomy in comparison to trabecular bone, especially in rats more than 9 months old (104).…”