“…In a review of empirical studies on teacher e$cacy, Ross (1998) showed that teacher e$cacy predicts a multitude of critically important variables. Examples include student achievement and motivation (Bergman et al, 1977;Moore & Esselman, 1992), student self-esteem and prosocial attitudes (Borton, 1991;Cheung & Cheng, 1997), school e!ectiveness , teachers' adoption of innovations (Fuchs, Fuchs & Bishop, 1992), the success of program implementation (Guskey, 1988), teachers' referral decisions for special education (Meijer & Foster, 1988;Soodak & Podell, 1993), teachers' professional commitment (Coladarci, 1992), teachers' classroom management strategies (Woolfolk, Roso! & Hoy, 1990), teacher absenteeism (Imants & Van Zoelen, 1995), and teacher stress (Bliss & Finneran, 1991;Parkay, Greenwood, Olejnik & Proller, 1988).…”