The effect of temperature (25°–289°C) on pit initiation in single phase and duplex 304L stainless steels in 100 ppm Cl− solution

Manning, P. E.; Duquette, Jean

doi:10.1016/0010-938x(80)90074-8

Cited by 71 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…[31][32] The present results showed that transpassive dissolution in high-temperature water started from these local defects. This behavior was reported from the process of pitting corrosion in hightemperature water at lower potentials, 27 as well as during the transpassive dissolution at lower temperatures. [9][10][11][12] The surface condition had a remarkable effect on the pit growth in the early state.…”

Section: Polished Surface Nonpolished Surfacementioning

confidence: 71%

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Transpassive Dissolution of Alloy 625, Chromium, Nickel, and Molybdenum in High-Temperature Solutions Containing Hydrochloric Acid and Oxygen

Kritzer¹,

Boukis²,

Dinjus³

2000

CORROSION

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Coupons of nickel, molybdenum, chromium, and the nickelbased Alloy 625 (UNS 06625) were corroded in strongly oxidizing hydrochloric acid (HCl) solutions at 350°C and a pressure (p) of 24 MPa, with reaction times between 0.75 h and 50 h. For Alloy 625, the effect of surface roughness also was investigated. Nickel and molybdenum showed strong material loss after only 5 h of reaction as a result of the instability of the solid oxides formed under experimental conditions. The attack on chromium started at the grain boundaries. At longer reaction times, thick, spalling oxide layers formed on the surface. The attack on Alloy 625 also started at the grain boundaries and at inclusions leading to the formation of small pits. On polished surfaces, the growth of these pits occurred faster than on nonpolished surfaces, but fewer pits grew. Corrosion products formed at the surface consisted of oxygen and chromium. On isolated spots, nickel-and chlorine-containing products also were found.

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Section: Polished Surface Nonpolished Surfacementioning

confidence: 71%

“…Inclusions of manganese sulfide (MnS) [27][28][29][30] and titanium nitride (TiN), 28 respectively, are known to trigger pitting corrosion on …”

Section: Alloy 625mentioning

confidence: 99%

Transpassive Dissolution of Alloy 625, Chromium, Nickel, and Molybdenum in High-Temperature Solutions Containing Hydrochloric Acid and Oxygen

Kritzer¹,

Boukis²,

Dinjus³

2000

CORROSION

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“…25 This increase is associated with the oxide film thickening, and is also related to the nature of the oxide film which may be altered by the incorporation of species from the electrolyte. [26][27][28][29] In addition, El Kader and El Din 25 also noticed that for KCl concentrations higher than 1 Â 10 À2 mol L À1 there was a decrease of E oc (after reaching the steady state potential) with increasing KCl concentration. Both results indicate the oxide formation on Cr and Ni.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Evaluation of 316L Stainless Steel Corrosion Resistance in Solution Simulating the Acid Hydrolysis of Biomass

Ferreira

Noce

Fugivara

et al. 2011

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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The corrosion resistance of 316L stainless steel in 65 wt % ethanol, 35 wt % water, 1 wt % H 2 SO 4 solution containing different NaCl concentrations and at different temperatures was investigated using open circuit potential measurements, polarization curves, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. At 25 C, the minimum NaCl concentration required for occurrence of pitting was 0.58 wt %. In 0.35 wt % NaCl solution, localized corrosion was observed at temperatures higher than 40 C and, depending on the potential, metastable or stable pits were observed. No pits were observed below 40 C in 0.35 wt % NaCl solution. Stainless steels are used as construction materials for key corrosion-resistant equipment in most of the major industries, and especially in chemical, petroleum, processing, and power generation plants. A very thin film, known as the passive film, which is selfhealing in a wide variety of environments, 1-4 provides their corrosion resistance. Due to environmental concerns, there has recently been an increase in the demand for ethanol as a road vehicle fuel. There is therefore, a greater need for studies of the corrosion resistance of materials used in alcohol production plants, and in transportation and storage facilities.Among these stainless steels, the 300 series stands out. The 300 series represents compositional modifications of the classic 18=8 (18% Cr-8% Ni) stainless steel, which has been a popular corrosion-resistant material for some 70 years, to improve pitting, crevice and stress corrosion resistance, high-temperature oxidation resistance and strength, and reduce intergranular corrosion in welded materials. Type 304 is the general-purpose grade, widely used in applications requiring a good combination of corrosion resistance and formability. On the other hand, type 316 contains molybdenum and has greater resistance than type 304 to pitting in marine and chemical industry environments. and pitting corrosion constitutes one of the most important failure mechanisms. Pits cause failure through perforation, and engender stress corrosion cracks.1 Pitting corrosion has been studied for the last few decades and, according to Frankel,6 fundamental studies have focused on characterization of the passive film, the initial stages of passive film breakdown, metastable pitting growth, and the growth of large and stable pits.Solution chloride concentration is a very important parameter influencing pitting formation on stainless steels. Increasing the chloride concentration significantly increases the possibility of pitting. The chloride levels that can be tolerated without the onset of pitting increase with the chromium and molybdenum contents of austenitic and ferritic stainless steels (for example, the minimum chloride ion concentration in 1 mol L À1 H 2 SO 4 for initiation of pitting on pure Fe is 0.3 mmol L À1, while on Fe-18.6Cr-9.9Ni alloy it is 0.1 mol L À1). 1Electrochemical studies of pitting corrosion have found the existence characteristic potentials. Stable pits form at potentials noble to t...

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“…The difference is not surprising, because many characteristics of the passive film and nature of passivity are very different above about 175°C. [20] Other, simpler tests, such as slow-strain-rate tests, do not have adequate sensitivity to permit detection of the very low susceptibility to SCC that was measured in these studies. The environments employed are not aggressive to these two materials: there was no evidence whatsoever of localized attack, even in creviced areas.…”

Section: B Crack-growth Datamentioning

confidence: 98%

Stress-corrosion-crack initiation and growth-rate studies on titanium grade 7 and alloy 22 in concentrated groundwater

Andresen

Catlin

Emigh

et al. 2005

Metall Mater Trans A

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The stress-corrosion-crack initiation and growth-rate response was evaluated on as-received, coldworked, and aged Alloy 22 (UNS N06022) and titanium Grade 7 in 105 °C to 110 °C, aerated, concentrated, high-pH groundwater environments. Time-to-failure experiments on actively loaded tensile specimens evaluated the effects of applied stress, welding, surface finish, shot peening, cold work, crevicing, and aging treatments in Alloy 22. Titanium Grade 7 and stainless steels were also included in the matrix. Long-term crack-growth-rate data showed stable crack growth in titanium Grade 7. Alloy 22 exhibited stable growth rates under "gentle" cyclic loading, but was prone to crack arrest at fully static loading. No effect of Pb additions was observed.

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The effect of temperature (25°–289°C) on pit initiation in single phase and duplex 304L stainless steels in 100 ppm Cl− solution

Cited by 71 publications

References 23 publications

Transpassive Dissolution of Alloy 625, Chromium, Nickel, and Molybdenum in High-Temperature Solutions Containing Hydrochloric Acid and Oxygen

Transpassive Dissolution of Alloy 625, Chromium, Nickel, and Molybdenum in High-Temperature Solutions Containing Hydrochloric Acid and Oxygen

Evaluation of 316L Stainless Steel Corrosion Resistance in Solution Simulating the Acid Hydrolysis of Biomass

Stress-corrosion-crack initiation and growth-rate studies on titanium grade 7 and alloy 22 in concentrated groundwater

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