The effect of temperature and H 2 S concentration on hydrogen diffusion and trapping in a 13% chromium martensitic stainless steel in acidified NaCl

Turnbull, A.; Carroll, M. W.

doi:10.1016/0010-938x(90)90031-y

Cited by 26 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The permeation transients were expressed in normalised units i.e., in terms of normalised flux and dimensionless time [19,39]. The flux was normalised with respect to the steady state value and the dimensionless time was obtained by using the equation,…”

Section: Analysis Of Permeation Transientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of microstructure and composition on hydrogen permeation in X70 pipeline steels

Haq

Muzaka

Dunne

et al. 2013

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

164

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The influence of microstructure and composition on permeation of hydrogen in 1.2 and 0.5 wt.% Mn X70 pipeline steels after different processing was investigated using an electrochemical permeation technique. For 1.2 wt.% Mn (standard Mn) steel, the microstructure of normalised transfer bar was coarse equiaxed ferrite grains. This sample exhibited the highest diffusivity, followed by transfer bar, with a mixed ferriteebainitic ferrite microstructure; and hot rolled strip, with fine elongated ferrite grains. The 0.5 wt.% Mn (medium Mn) strip displayed lower diffusivity than the 1.2 wt.% Mn strip, due to hydrogen trapping by finer ferrite grains and a higher density of carbonitride precipitates. Moreover, the medium Mn strip exhibited a uniform microstructure and consequently similar diffusion coefficients for the edge and centreline regions, whereas the finer grains of the edge region of the standard Mn strip resulted in a lower diffusivity than the centreline region. Copyright © 2012, Hydrogen Energy Publications, LLC. AbstractThe influence of microstructure and composition on permeation of hydrogen in 1.2 and 0.5 wt.% Mn X70 pipeline steels after different processing was investigated using an electrochemical permeation technique. For 1.2 wt.% Mn (standard Mn) steel, the microstructure of normalised transfer bar was coarse equiaxed ferrite grains. This sample exhibited the highest diffusivity, followed by transfer bar, with a mixed ferrite -bainitic ferrite microstructure; and hot rolled strip, with fine elongated ferrite grains.The 0.5 wt.% Mn (medium Mn) strip displayed lower diffusivity than the 1.2 wt.% Mn strip, due to hydrogen trapping by finer ferrite grains and a higher density of carbonitride precipitates.Moreover, the medium Mn strip exhibited a uniform microstructure and consequently similar diffusion coefficients for the edge and centreline regions, whereas the finer grains of the edge region of the standard Mn strip resulted in a lower diffusivity than the centreline region.

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Section: Analysis Of Permeation Transientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…where, D L is the coefficient of diffusion of hydrogen in pure ferrite and was taken as 7.2 x 10 -9 m 2 /s at room temperature [39][40], t is the time in seconds and L is the thickness of the specimen in meters.…”

Section: Analysis Of Permeation Transientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of microstructure and composition on hydrogen permeation in X70 pipeline steels

Haq

Muzaka

Dunne

et al. 2013

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

164

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“…Whenever the experimental details reported by the different investigators allowed it, results were presented in a J ss ·L vs. nickel content plot ( Figure 5). In general, Ni additions resulted in a decrease in J ss ·L, which, based on Equation 9 and the low variability in D lat values with microstructure and composition for ferritic steels (Turnbull & Carroll, 1990), should be related to a decrease in C 0 with increased Ni content. Beck, Bockris, Genshaw, and Subramanyan (1971) reported an increase in steady-state hydrogen flux for samples cathodically charged in NaOH when Ni content increased from 0 to 5-wt%.…”

Section: Effect Of Nickel On Hydrogen Permeation At Steady Statementioning

confidence: 92%

“…At steady state, hydrogen in the lattice is at equilibrium with hydrogen in traps; in other words, hydrogen absorption rates in traps equal hydrogen desorption. Therefore, the steady-state hydrogen diffusion coefficient approaches the value of the lattice diffusion coefficient (Turnbull & Carroll, 1990), which is larger than D eff (D eff is measured in the rising transient in presence of traps) (Zakroczymski, 1985a). Given that D lat is independent of the chemical composition and microstructure of the alloy for ferritic steels (Turnbull & Carroll, 1990), at steady state, any effect in nickel on C 0 could translate into a measurable change in either K I-SSC or σ th-SSC (Gerberich & Chen, 1975 .…”

Section: Effect Of Nickel On Hydrogen Absorption Diffusion and Trapmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, the steady-state hydrogen diffusion coefficient approaches the value of the lattice diffusion coefficient (Turnbull & Carroll, 1990), which is larger than D eff (D eff is measured in the rising transient in presence of traps) (Zakroczymski, 1985a). Given that D lat is independent of the chemical composition and microstructure of the alloy for ferritic steels (Turnbull & Carroll, 1990), at steady state, any effect in nickel on C 0 could translate into a measurable change in either K I-SSC or σ th-SSC (Gerberich & Chen, 1975 . Although no atomistic HE mechanism has gained the consensus of the community, it is generally accepted that a hydrogen-assisted crack advances only when a critical hydrogen concentration (H crit ) is reached ahead of a potential crack site.…”

Section: Effect Of Nickel On Hydrogen Absorption Diffusion and Trapmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sulfide stress cracking of nickel-containing low-alloy steels

et al. 2014

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Low-alloy steels (LAS) are extensively used in oil and gas (O&G) production due to their good mechanical properties and low cost. Even though nickel improves mechanical properties and hardenability with low penalty on weldability, which is critical for large subsea components, nickel content cannot exceed 1-wt% when used in sour service applications. The ISO 15156-2 standard limits the nickel content in LAS on the assumption that nickel concentrations above 1-wt% negatively impact sulfide stress cracking (SSC) resistance. This restriction excludes a significant number of high-strength and high-toughness alloys, such as Ni-Cr-Mo (e.g., UNS G43200 and G43400), Ni-Mo (e.g., UNS G46200), and Ni-Cr-Mo-V grades, from sour service applications and can be used only if successfully qualified. However, the standard is based on controversial research conducted more than 40 years ago. Since then, researchers have suggested that it is the microstructure that determines SSC resistance, regardless of Ni content. This review summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of nickel-containing LAS in terms of strength, weldability, hardenability, potential weight savings, and cost reduction. Likewise, the state of knowledge on the effect of nickel on hydrogen absorption as well as SSC initiation and propagation kinetics is critically reviewed.

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Liquid Metal Corrosion of 316L Stainless Steel, 410 Stainless Steel, and 1015 Carbon Steel in a Molten Zinc Bath

Bright²,

Liu

et al. 2007

Metall Mater Trans A

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Corrosion tests of 1015 low-carbon steel and two stainless steels (410 and 316L) were conducted in a pure zinc bath (99.98 wt pct Zn) in order to better understand the reaction mechanisms that occur during the degradation of submerged hardware at industrial general (batch) galvanizing operations. Through this testing, it was found that, in general, 316L stainless steel showed the best dissolution resistance among these three alloys, while 1015 carbon steel provided a lower solubility than 410 stainless steel. Investigating the failure mechanisms, both metallurgical composition and lattice structure played important roles in the molten metal corrosion behaviors of these alloys. High contents of nickel combined with the influence of chromium improved the resistance to molten zinc corrosion. Moreover, a face-centered-cubic (fcc) structure was more corrosion resistant than body-centered-cubic (bcc) possibly due to the compactness of the atomic structure. Analogously, the body-centered-tetragonal (bct) martensite lattice structure possessed enhanced susceptibility to zinc corrosion as a result of the greater atomic spacing and high strain energy. Finally, an increased bath temperature played an important role in molten metal corrosion by accelerating the dissolution process and changing the nature of intermetallic layers.

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The effect of temperature and H 2 S concentration on hydrogen diffusion and trapping in a 13% chromium martensitic stainless steel in acidified NaCl

Cited by 26 publications

References 18 publications

Effect of microstructure and composition on hydrogen permeation in X70 pipeline steels

Effect of microstructure and composition on hydrogen permeation in X70 pipeline steels

Sulfide stress cracking of nickel-containing low-alloy steels

Liquid Metal Corrosion of 316L Stainless Steel, 410 Stainless Steel, and 1015 Carbon Steel in a Molten Zinc Bath

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