The effect of temperature‐humidity similarity on Bowen ratios, dimensionless standard deviations, and mass transfer coefficients over a lake

Dias, Nelson Luı́s; Vissotto, Dornelles

doi:10.1002/hyp.10925

Cited by 6 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…These results are in agreement with the result of Cancelli et al. (2012) and Dias and Vissotto (2017) for fluxes over a lake in Brazil.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

“…On the other hand, stronger measured fluxes lead to a strong local production, which is then balanced by dissipation. These results are in agreement with the result of Cancelli et al (2012) and Dias and Vissotto (2017) for fluxes over a lake in Brazil.…”

Section: Computing Fluxes With the Variance Functionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…However, as will be discussed in our study, even under these conditions, deviations from MOST are observed. To date, few studies have focused on such assessments of MOST, or alternative flux models such as the relaxed eddy accumulation (REA) method, over water surfaces (Armani et al., 2020; Assouline et al., 2008; Cancelli et al., 2012; Dias & Vissotto, 2017), while even fewer investigated the performance of MOST functions to compute CO 2 fluxes above freshwater bodies (Xiao et al., 2014; Zhao et al., 2019) or oceans (Iwata et al., 2004; Lammert & Ament, 2015). Nevertheless, these micrometeorological methods offer a direct approach to estimate air‐sea gas exchange that circumvents the need for estimating a transfer velocity (Zemmelink et al., 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Relaxed Eddy Accumulation Outperforms Monin‐Obukhov Flux Models Under Non‐Ideal Conditions

Zahn

Bou‐Zeid

Dias

2023

Geophysical Research Letters

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The Monin‐Obukhov Similarity Theory (MOST) links turbulent statistics to surface fluxes through universal functions. Here, we investigate its performance over a large lake, where none of its assumptions (flat homogeneous surface) are obviously violated. We probe the connection between the variance budget terms and departure from the nondimensional flux‐variance function for CO2, water vapor, and temperature. Our results indicate that both the variance storage and its vertical transport affect MOST, and these terms are most significant when small fluxes and near neutral conditions were prevalent. Such conditions are common over lakes and oceans, especially for CO2, underlining the limitation of using any MOST‐based methods to compute small fluxes. We further show that the relaxed eddy accumulation (REA) method is more robust and less sensitive to storage and transport, adequately reproducing the eddy‐covariance fluxes even for the smallest flux magnitudes. Therefore, we recommend REA over MOST methods for trace‐gas flux estimation.

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“…These results are in agreement with the result of Cancelli et al. (2012) and Dias and Vissotto (2017) for fluxes over a lake in Brazil.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Computing Fluxes With the Variance Functionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Relaxed Eddy Accumulation Outperforms Monin‐Obukhov Flux Models Under Non‐Ideal Conditions

Zahn

Bou‐Zeid

Dias

2023

Geophysical Research Letters

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“…While the Stanton and Dalton numbers are commonly assumed to be equal, we found that

{C}_{\mathrm{H}\mathrm{N}\mathrm{G}}

was on average by a factor of 1.3 higher than

{C}_{\mathrm{E}\mathrm{N}\mathrm{G}}

(averaged over all wind speeds and all water bodies under study). The finding of

{C}_{\mathrm{H}\mathrm{N}\mathrm{G}}

being higher than

{C}_{\mathrm{H}\mathrm{N}\mathrm{G}}

confirmed the results reported by, for example, (Dias & Vissotto, 2017; Wei et al., 2016). The mean value of

{C}_{\mathrm{H}\mathrm{N}\mathrm{G}}

for high wind speeds (1.0·10 −3 ) was found to be the same as in (Kantha & Clayson, 2000), but

{C}_{\mathrm{H}\mathrm{N}\mathrm{G}}

was larger (1.4·10 −3 ) as in (Harbeck, 1962; Hicks, 1972).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Bulk Transfer Coefficients Estimated From Eddy‐Covariance Measurements Over Lakes and Reservoirs

et al. 2023

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The drag coefficient, Stanton number and Dalton number are of particular importance for estimating the surface turbulent fluxes of momentum, heat and water vapor using bulk parameterization. Although these bulk transfer coefficients have been extensively studied over the past several decades in marine and large-lake environments, there are no studies analyzing their variability for smaller lakes. Here, we evaluated these coefficients through directly measured surface fluxes using the eddy-covariance technique over more than 30 lakes and reservoirs of different sizes and depths. Our analysis showed that the transfer coefficients (adjusted to neutral atmospheric stability) were generally within the range reported in previous studies for large lakes and oceans. All transfer coefficients exhibit a substantial increase at low wind speeds (<3 m s −1 ), which was found to be associated with the presence of gusts and capillary waves (except Dalton number). Stanton number was found to be on average a factor of 1.3 higher than Dalton number, likely affecting the Bowen ratio method. At high wind speeds, the transfer coefficients remained relatively constant at values of 1.6•10 −3 , 1.4•10 −3 , 1.0•10 −3 , respectively. We found that the variability of the transfer coefficients among the lakes could be associated with lake surface area. In flux parameterizations at lake surfaces, it is recommended to consider variations in the drag coefficient and Stanton number due to wind gustiness and capillary wave roughness while Dalton number could be considered as constant at all wind speeds. Plain Language SummaryIn our study, we investigate the bulk transfer coefficients, which are of particular importance for estimation the turbulent fluxes of momentum, heat and water vapor in the atmospheric surface layer, above lakes and reservoirs. The incorrect representation of the surface fluxes above inland waters can potentially lead to errors in weather and climate prediction models. For the first time we made this synthesis using a compiled data set consisting of existing eddy-covariance flux measurements over 23 lakes and 8 reservoirs. Our results revealed substantial increase of the transfer coefficients at low wind speeds, which is often not taken into account in models. The observed increase in the drag coefficient (momentum transfer coefficient) and Stanton number (heat transfer coefficient) could be associated with the presence of wind gusts and capillary waves. In flux parameterizations at lake surface, it is recommended to consider them for accurate flux representation. Although the bulk transfer coefficients were relatively constant at high wind speeds, we found that the Stanton number systematically exceeds the Dalton number (water vapor transfer coefficient), despite the fact they are typically considered to be equal. This difference may affect the Bowen ratio method and result in biased estimates of lake evaporation.

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“…In addition, many earlier studies that have calculated surface heat fluxes from lakes have used remotely sensed water temperature in combination with land-based meteorological measurements (Derecki 1981;Croley 1989;Lofgren and Zhu 2000) or reanalysis data (Moukomla and Blanken 2017), which can lead to erroneous estimates of air-water interactions. Studies that have calculated heat fluxes using in situ temperature and meteorology data have dealt primarily with single lakes (Laird and Kristovich 2002;MacIntyre et al 2002;Lenters et al 2005;Verburg and Antenucci 2010;Lorenzzetti et al 2015;Dias and Vissotto 2017), or a number of lakes from a confined region (Woolway et al 2015b). Prior to this investigation, no known previous studies have compared turbulent surface fluxes from continuously recorded buoy data at so many lakes across the globe and at diel, seasonal, and annual timescales.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geographic and temporal variations in turbulent heat loss from lakes: A global analysis across 45 lakes

Woolway¹,

Verburg

Lenters

et al. 2018

Limnology & Oceanography

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Heat fluxes at the lake surface play an integral part in determining the energy budget and thermal structure in lakes, including regulating how lakes respond to climate change. We explore patterns in turbulent heat fluxes, which vary across temporal and spatial scales, using in situ high‐frequency monitoring data from 45 globally distributed lakes. Our analysis demonstrates that some of the lakes studied follow a marked seasonal cycle in their turbulent surface fluxes and that turbulent heat loss is highest in larger lakes and those situated at low latitude. The Bowen ratio, which is the ratio of mean sensible to mean latent heat fluxes, is smaller at low latitudes and, in turn, the relative contribution of evaporative to total turbulent heat loss increases toward the tropics. Latent heat transfer ranged from ~ 60% to > 90% of total turbulent heat loss in the examined lakes. The Bowen ratio ranged from 0.04 to 0.69 and correlated significantly with latitude. The relative contributions to total turbulent heat loss therefore differ among lakes, and these contributions are influenced greatly by lake location. Our findings have implications for understanding the role of lakes in the climate system, effects on the lake water balance, and temperature‐dependent processes in lakes.

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The effect of temperature‐humidity similarity on Bowen ratios, dimensionless standard deviations, and mass transfer coefficients over a lake

Cited by 6 publications

References 45 publications

Relaxed Eddy Accumulation Outperforms Monin‐Obukhov Flux Models Under Non‐Ideal Conditions

Relaxed Eddy Accumulation Outperforms Monin‐Obukhov Flux Models Under Non‐Ideal Conditions

Bulk Transfer Coefficients Estimated From Eddy‐Covariance Measurements Over Lakes and Reservoirs

Geographic and temporal variations in turbulent heat loss from lakes: A global analysis across 45 lakes

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