The effect of temperature on the ensiling process of corn and wheat

Abstract

Aims: The purpose of this work was to study the effect of temperature on the ensiling process and aerobic stability of corn and wheat silages. Methods and Results: The crops were ensiled in 1á5 l anaerobic jars, with and without an inoculant, at room or elevated temperatures (37±41°C). After two months of ensiling, the silages were subjected to an aerobic stability test at room and elevated (33°C) temperature. The results indicate that ensiling at elevated temperatures resulted in higher pH values, less lactic acid and higher losses. The silages which were stored at elevated temperatures were more susceptible to aerobic spoilage than those stored at room temperature, especially when the test was performed at elevated temperature. Conclusions: High temperatures are detrimental to both the ensiling process and the aerobic stability of silages. Signi®cance and Impact of the Study: The ®ndings of the current study suggest that in a warm climate, special care should be taken during silage making and storage in order to avoid heating as much as possible. In addition, in a warm climate, silages are more susceptible to aerobic deterioration and therefore, special care should be taken during unloading.

Characteristics of isolated lactic acid bacteria and their effects on the silage quality

“…However, the number of epiphytic LAB on fresh crops is often very low, and this phenomenon was also evident in the present study (<10 5 cfu/g FM; Table 2). Additionally, ensiling is a fermentation process involving microbiological and enzymatic activity that is influenced by temperature [3]. In our study, the low lactic acid content, and high pH and AN/TN were observed in the corresponding controls at three different temperatures (Table 3, Figure 2).…”

“…As a result, the pH decreases and the forage is preserved [3]. The success of the ensiling process depends, to a great extent, on the epiphytic LAB present in the crop, and it is common to improve the silage quality by application of inoculants.…”

“…The success of the ensiling process depends, to a great extent, on the epiphytic LAB present in the crop, and it is common to improve the silage quality by application of inoculants. However, the efficiency of LAB inoculants might be strongly influenced by the temperature within the silage [3]. In Tibet, especially during the frosts, the low temperature is considered as a main factor resulting in poor silage, and most of commercial LAB inoculants are often of little or even no benefit to silage under low temperature conditions [4].…”

Efeitos da estratégia de descarregamento e inclusão dietética de silagem de milho no valor nutritivo de rações completas para vacas em lactação

“…A média de temperatura encontrada no topo do silo foi de 31º C, enquanto na base foi de 28ºC. Segundo Weinberg et al (2001), durante os estágios iniciais da fermentação, quando ainda há presença de ar residual entre as partículas da forragem, a temperatura pode chegar aos 40ºC, efeito causado pela respiração da planta e atividade de microrganismos aeróbios. Outras situações de aumento de temperatura acontecem quando a massa ensilada é exposta ao ar em função de uma vedação ineficiente e durante o descarregamento do silo.…”

“…Figura 5 -a) temperatura do painel b) pH do painel Weinberg et al (2001), citam trabalhos antigos (McDONALD et al, 1966;DICKERSON, 1988) Fornecer aos animais silagem do topo do silo, com 50% de forragem na dieta, mostrou ser a melhor estratégia de alimentação entre as variáveis avaliadas. Lechartier et al (2010), testando três diferentes inclusões de silagem de milho para vacas em lactação, perceberam que diminuindo a relação forragem: concentrado, também ocorreu aumento linear na produção de leite.…”