The effect of temperature on wing size in reciprocal heterozygotes of vestigial in Drosophila melanogaster

Hersh, A. H.; Ward, Esther

doi:10.1002/jez.1400610204

Cited by 19 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Differences between reciprocal crosses somewhat similar to those encountered in this work have also been described for vg by Hersh andWard (1932), andChild (1939). No data were presented dealing with differences in wing size related to eclosion order, or to amount of substrate per larva, nor have tests of homogeneity been reported.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

“…The choice of mutants used was based on the following considerations: (1) vg. Hersh and Ward (1932) have reported that vg/+ heterozygotes possess slightly different wing dimensions, dependent on the direction of the parental cross, vestigial by normal. It was thought that the maternal effect indicated by these findings might express itself also in a modification of the bristle reaction in D flies.…”

Section: Materials and Breeding Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Problem of Differences of Offspring in Reciprocal Crosses of Drosophila

Stone¹

1947

The Biological Bulletin

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Section: Materials and Breeding Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Problem of Differences of Offspring in Reciprocal Crosses of Drosophila

Stone¹

1947

The Biological Bulletin

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“…It has long been recognised that insects bred under warm conditions are frequently smaller than those kept in a cooler environment. HERSH & WArD (1932) found that with an increase of temperature there was a reduction in size of the long-winged type of Drosophila melanogaster. GOLmHTLY & LLOYD (1939) noted a decrease in size in four species of Diptera during the warmer months.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

EFFECT OF LARVAL POPULATION DENSITY ON THE ADULT MORPHOLOGY OF TWO SPECIES OF LEPIDOPTERA, PLUSIA GAMMA L. AND PIERIS BRASSICAE L

Long

Zaher

1958

Entomologia Exp Applicata

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The morphological effects of population density in locusts in the production of ‘phases’ is now well established and in recent years somewhat parallel effects have been observed in the larvae of Lepidoptera. Unlike locusts Lepidoptera pass through a quiescent pupal period but nevertheless the adult may be affected. In both P. gamma and P. brassicae adults from crowded larval cultures were smaller in both size and weight although the effect was counteracted to some extent by approaching pupal diapause in P. brassicae. The effect was similar in many cases to that produced by an increase in temperature except that it disturbed the relationships between the lengths of the wing and hind femur with the live weight. The ratio of these lengths (equivalent to E/F ratio in locusts) was significantly increased but was not a satisfactory index of larval population density. No effects were observed in the wing pattern and colouration in either species. Zusammenfassung Die Einwirkung der larvalen Populationsdichte auf die Morphologie der jungen Falter wurde bei Plasia gamma und Pieris brassicae durch Vergleich frischgeschlüpfter Falter aus Einzel‐ und aus Massenzuchten bestimmt. Bei P. gamma wogen Puppen aus Massenkulturen etwas weniger und verloren während des Puppenstadiums mehr an Gewicht. Die entstehenden Falter waren gewichtsmäßig deutlich leichter und hatten etwas kürzere Flügel. Größe und Gewicht der Männchen waren größer als die der Weibchen, und da die Massenzucht die meßbaren Größen bei den Weibchen stärker beeinflußt, verstärkte sie den Unterschied zwischen den Geschlechtern. Jahreszeitliche Unterschiede wurden beobachtet, wobei Gewicht und Größen in der warmen Jahreszeit geringer waren, doch blieb der jahreszeitliche Einfluß geringer als der durch Übervölkerung hervorgerufene. Bei P. brassicae hatte die Massenzucht eine ähnliche Wirkung auf die Puppen‐ und Erwachsenengewichte und auch auf die Maße, außer daß der Flügel kürzer und schmaler war. Die Unterschiede zwischen den Geschlechtern wurden durch die Massenaufzucht nicht verschärft. Lebendgewicht und Femurlänge waren beim Männchen größer, währen das Weibchen größere Flügel hatte. Bei Herannahen der Diapause wurde die Wirkung der Massenkultur auf Puppen‐ und Imaginalgewicht kompensiert, aber die Wirkungen auf die Erwachsenenmaße blieben noch erhalten, wenn auch in geringerem Ausmaß als sie bei nichtdiapausierenden Generationen zu beobachten waren. In der wärmeren Jahreszeit wurden Variationen erzielt, die in etwa den durch Übervölkerung bewirkten ähnlich waren, außer daß die Flügel abweichende Form aufwiesen und daß Übervölkerung bei den Männchen die Wirkung stark reduzierte. In Einzelkulturen beider Arten wurden positive, aber nicht stark signifikante Korrelationen in der Beziehung von Costa‐ und Hinterschenkellänge mit dem Lebendgewicht gefunden. Diese Beziehungen wurden durch Massenkultur gestört. In beiden Arten wurde das Costa‐Schenkel‐Verhältnis durch Massenkultur signifikant vergrößert (cf. E/F‐Rate bei Heuschrecken), ergab aber keinen befriedigenden Index...

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“…1). This approach has revealed maternal effects of unknown origin on a variety of Drosophila characters: preadult development rate (Poulson 1934;David 1955;McFarquhar and Robertson 1963), adult thorax size (McFarquhar and Robertson 1963), wing size (Hersh and Ward 1932;Anderson 1966;Cavicchi et al 1985), and female fecundity (Watson and Hoffmann 1996) and fertility (Hiraizumi 1961). The maternal effects of egg size on offspring life-history characters can be studied if the populations used in the reciprocal crosses lay eggs of different sizes and if egg size is maternally determined.…”

Section: Submittedmentioning

confidence: 98%

Life‐History Consequences of Egg Size inDrosophila Melanogaster

Azevedo

French

Partridge

1997

The American Naturalist

136

155

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We used a novel approach to study the effects of egg size on offspring fitness components in Drosophila melanogaster. Populations that differed genetically in egg size were crossed, and the female offspring from these reciprocal crosses were examined for life-history traits. These flies expressed effects of egg size, because they developed from eggs of different sizes as a result of maternal genetic effects, but displayed an equivalent range of nuclear genetic variation. The crosses used four independent pairs of outbred populations that differed in the pattern of covariation between egg size and life-history traits, so that the maternal genetic effects of egg size on offspring characters could be contrasted to the associations present among the parental populations. Egg size showed positive maternal genetic effects on embryonic viability and development rate, hatchling weight and feeding rate, and egg-larva and egg-adult development rate but no consistent effects on larval competitive ability, adult weight, or egg size in the offspring. Our method revealed a pattern of causality that could not be deduced from interpopulation comparisons and therefore provides a good way of disentangling the causes and consequences of variation in egg size while controlling for zygotic genetic effects.

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The effect of temperature on wing size in reciprocal heterozygotes of vestigial in Drosophila melanogaster

Cited by 19 publications

References 14 publications

The Problem of Differences of Offspring in Reciprocal Crosses of Drosophila

The Problem of Differences of Offspring in Reciprocal Crosses of Drosophila

EFFECT OF LARVAL POPULATION DENSITY ON THE ADULT MORPHOLOGY OF TWO SPECIES OF LEPIDOPTERA, PLUSIA GAMMA L. AND PIERIS BRASSICAE L

Life‐History Consequences of Egg Size inDrosophila Melanogaster

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