The effect of temperature on physiological energetics of a fast-growing selective strain and a hatchery population of the Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas )

Abstract

Growth is an important aquaculture trait, which has been one of the most important traits for genetic improvement in aquatic species. Numerous fast-growing domesticated aquaculture organisms are being cultured, but the physiological processes underlying growth remain largely unexplored. The Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) is one of the most widely farmed bivalves. In order to improve the productivity traits, a fast-growing selective strain of C. gigas was established. In this study, we compared physiological energetics of the fast-growing selective strain and an unselected hatchery population of C. gigas under different conditions of temperature. Components of energy gain (clearance rates, ingestion rates, absorption efficiency and absorption rates), energy loss (metabolic rates) and resulting energy budget (scope for growth) were analysed at four temperatures (15, 20, 25 and 30°C). The results indicated that selective breeding oysters had a higher energy gain compared to unselected oysters, but the selected strain and hatchery population of oysters did not significantly differ in metabolic rates at all tested temperatures (p > 0.05). The enhanced energy gain resulted in almost two times higher scope for growth in selective breeding oysters compared with unselected oysters. Physiological characteristics of C. gigas were greatly affected by temperature and showed a fluctuation with the increase in temperatures. The selective breeding oysters outperformed those of hatchery population in growth performance by an increased energy gain along with a similar energy loss. This study provided insight into physiological energetics accounting for growth improvements in fast-growing selective strain of C. gigas. K E Y W O R D Senergy budget, faster growth, Pacific oysters, physiological traits, selected strain

Comparison in Growth, Feeding, and Metabolism Between a Fast-Growing Selective Strain and a Cultured Population of Pearl Oyster (Pinctada fucata martensii)

“…Physiological processes related to these mechanisms include clearance rate (CR), oxygen consumption rate (OCR), ammonia excretion rate (AER), and enzyme activities. Therefore, ingestion and energy metabolism of some commercial bivalve species have received considerable attention (Ibarrola et al, 2017;Zhang et al, 2018). Individuals might exhibit faster growth due to increased energy acquisition and maintenance or growth costs (Bayne et al, 1999;Meyer and Manahan, 2010;Tamayo et al, 2011), and this explanation is applicable for other bivalve larval stages (Pace et al, 2006;Tamayo et al, 2014).…”

“…These theories provide a feasible scheme for improving the growth characteristics of bivalves (Newkirk, 1980;Evans and Langdon, 2006;Schöne et al, 2021). Numerous studies have confirmed effective improvement in commercial traits of bivalve species through selective experiments (Deng et al, 2009b;Gu et al, 2011;Li et al, 2011;Zhang et al, 2018). Physiological differences between improved selected and non-selected groups were explored (Bayne et al, 1999;Zhang et al, 2018).…”

“…Numerous studies have confirmed effective improvement in commercial traits of bivalve species through selective experiments (Deng et al, 2009b;Gu et al, 2011;Li et al, 2011;Zhang et al, 2018). Physiological differences between improved selected and non-selected groups were explored (Bayne et al, 1999;Zhang et al, 2018). However, the relationship between fast-growth and physiological factors of P. f. martensii has not been documented.…”

Comparative Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Molecular Basis Underlying Fast Growth of the Selectively Bred Pacific Oyster, Crassostrea gigas

“…Physiological energetics analysis of the fast-growing oysters suggested that the selectively bred oysters had a higher energy gain than unselected oysters, while the basal metabolic rate between them was not significantly different. Therefore, fast-growing oysters possess superior energy budget for growth (Zhang et al, 2018). Gene-associated single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers were developed for association analysis of the markers with growth traits, allowing identification of a number of SNP markers with allele frequencies showing a significant difference between fast-growing oysters and unselected commercial control oysters (Wang and Li, 2017).…”

Phytoplankton uptake and growth rate in the Japanese egg cockle Fulvia mutica

“…In addition, temperature and salinity also affect the metabolism of bivalves, and therefore change in these factors result in change in the growth rate of bivalves (e.g. Liu et al 2018;Zhang et al 2018;Sanders et al 2018;Haider et al 2019); for example, low water temperatures might reduce energy requirements, and as a result, less food would be required for growth; under high water temperature, the opposite phenomenon might be observed. So far, the biological effects of several environmental factors, such as ambient water temperature, salinity, and dissolved oxygen concentration, on F. mutica have been investigated in the laboratory (Nogami et al 1981;Tanimoto et al 2015).…”