The Effect of Temperature upon the Growth and Survival of Myxoma, Herpes, and Vaccinia Viruses in Tissue Culture

Thompson, Randall L.; Coates, Margaret

doi:10.1093/infdis/71.1.83

Cited by 23 publications

(18 citation statements)

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“…The yield of virus in eggs incubated at 370 C. was slightly less than in those incubated at 32°or 35°C., and virus proliferation was almost completely inhibited at 390 C., as was the production of soluble antigen. Thompson & Coates (1942) also found that the growth of vaccinia virus was less affected by high temperatures than that of myxoma virus. It was thought that a virus capable of growing at relatively high temperatures would be useful in elucidating the mechanism of the temperature effect seen in rabbits infected with myxomatosis, and rabbitpox virus was chosen as being a virus known to be highly lethal in rabbits held at mild temperatures.…”

Section: Group 3 the Hot Roommentioning

confidence: 89%

“…(Thompson & Coates, 1942), and this led to the view that the temperature effect seen in rabbits infected with myxomatosis was due to the change from optimum conditions for multiplication of the virus. If this were so, skin and rectal temperature readings in rabbits subjected either to fluctuating.high or low temperatures might be expected to reach levels comparable to those required to affect the multiplication of the virus.…”

Section: Group 3 the Hot Roommentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The growth of myxoma and rabbitpox viruses on the chorio-allantoic membrane at various incubation temperatures Thompson & Coates (1942) have shown that the growth of myxoma virus in tissue culture was much the same at 320, 350 and 370 C., but was greatly reduced at 400 C. These experiments were repeated using the chicken embryo as host instead of tissue cultures. The chorio-allantoic membranes of forty-eight 11-day-old chicken embryos were inoculated with large doses of KM 13 strain myxoma virus and groups of twelve eggs incubated at 32°, 350, 370 and 390 C. Six membranes from each group were reaped on each of the second and third days after inoculation, ground in a chilled mortar with measured amounts of alundum, frozen, ground again whilst thawing and suspended in 3 ml.…”

Section: Group 3 the Hot Roommentioning

confidence: 99%

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The influence of ambient temperature on the course of myxomatosis in rabbits

Marshall

1959

Epidemiol. Infect.

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Ambient temperature profoundly affects the mortality rate and symptomatology in rabbits infected with an attenuated strain of myxoma virus. Simulated summer temperatures allowed at least 70% of infected rabbits to recover, whereas only 8% recovered when held at simulated winter temperatures. Similar fluctuating high temperatures did not reduce the lethality of rabbitpox or of a highly virulent strain of myxoma virus.On the chorio-allantoic membrane of developing chicken embryos the proliferation of myxoma virus was almost completely inhibited at 39° C., but the yield of rabbitpox virus was not reduced at this temperature.The serological response and viraemia in rabbits held under different conditions of ambient temperature were investigated. Low temperatures resulted in high titres of circulating virus and soluble antigens, whereas at high temperatures anti-body appeared early. Haemolysin production was not affected by ambient temperature.The widely variable response of rabbits infected with the attenuated strain of myxoma virus when held at mild temperatures indicates that there is a considerable variation in the innate resistance of the host to the invasion of the virus. This resistance is enhanced by high and reduced by low ambient temperatures, so that the host response is relatively uniform under these conditions. The precise nature of this innate resistance has not been elucidated.Now that attenuated strains of virus are common and many rabbits exhibit enhanced genetic resistance, seasonal temperatures will have an important influence on the mortality rate in epizootics of myxomatosis.It is a pleasure to acknowledge the skilled technical assistance of Mr A. Brand.

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Section: Group 3 the Hot Roommentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Group 3 the Hot Roommentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Group 3 the Hot Roommentioning

confidence: 99%

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The influence of ambient temperature on the course of myxomatosis in rabbits

Marshall

1959

Epidemiol. Infect.

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“…This was first demonstrated in 194~2 by THON~SON and COATES (32) who found that herpes simplex virus (HSV) grew to maximum titers in chick embryo cells at 34 ° C, but it grew poorly at 39 ° C and not at all at ¢0 ° C. This observation was confirmed in cell culture by other investigators (8, i2, 21, 22). Both canine herpes virus (2,5) and pseudorabies virus (11) show similar dramatic growth restriction at temperatures only slightly above the normal host body temperature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Sensitivity of bovid herpesvirus 2 replication to temperatures found in the natural host

Letchworth

Carmichael

Greisen

1982

Archives of Virology

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Two isolates of bovid herpesvirus 2 replicated poorly in bovine testicular cells and fetal kidney cells at 39--40 degrees C, temperatures commonly observed in virus-infected cattle. High viral titers occurred in replicate cultures at 30--37 degrees C. Persistent viral infections were noted in cultures maintained at 40 degrees C. Interferon-like activity was not responsible for the high-temperature restriction since the level was not significantly different between virus-infected cultures incubated at 35 degrees or 40 degrees C. Spontaneous viral inactivation was only three times as rapid at 41 degrees as at 35 degrees C. Analysis of temperature shift experiments with respect to results of growth studies and electron microscopy indicated a temperature sensitive event late in replication. The sensitivity of bovid herpesvirus 2 replication to elevated temperature provides a possible explanation for the extensive viral growth and occasionally severe lesions which are limited exclusively to the skin of infected cattle.

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“…Les premiers auteurs se sont contentés d'apprécier la produc tion de lésions sur l'embryon de poulet incubé à différentes tem pératures : Durnet et Lush pour le virus de l'ectromélie (3), Burnet pour le virus grippal (2), Thompson et Coûtes pour l'herpès, la vaccine et le myxome (14).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified