The effect of tempering and aging on a low activation martensitic steel

Griffin, R.D.; Dodd, R.A.; Kulcinski, G.L.; Gelles, D.S.

doi:10.1007/bf02647232

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Thus, a high TRIP effect, which can enhance the ductility of products, was obtained in the specimen held at 400 °C. Griffin et al suggested that, when the holding temperature increases, the strength of the metallic alloy will continually drop as a consequence of the coarsening of precipitates and the recovery, annihilation, and rearrangement of dislocation structures. With regard to the results of Saeidi and Ekrami in ref., a better ductility and higher impact energy can be exhibited in the steel with coexisting bainitic and ferritic microstructure than that in the steel with a microstructure consisting of martensite–ferrite or only bainite.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the FMDP steels were rarely used as vehicle chassis and wheels because of its major drawbacks: modest stretch‐flangeability and hole‐expansibility . To solve this problem, innovative Ferrite‐Bainite‐Dual‐ phase (FBDP) steels or multiphase steels such as Quenching‐Partitioning‐Tempering (QPT) steels, consisting of RA, martensite, bainite, and ferrite, have received increasing attention …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For instance, it can be an intercritical annealing followed by a fast cooling and isothermal holding at a temperature between the bainitic (or martensitic) transformation start temperature B s (or M s ) and the bainitic (or martensitic) transformation finish temperature B f (M f ) . Hitherto, the influences of heat treatment parameters on the transformed microstructures and mechanical properties have been studied individually by many investigators and also been the major issue for a number of conferences . These previous results suggest that the distribution, volume fraction, morphology, and composition of the multiphase are dependent on the heat treatment parameters, e.g., intercritical temperature and time .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hitherto, the influences of heat treatment parameters on the transformed microstructures and mechanical properties have been studied individually by many investigators and also been the major issue for a number of conferences . These previous results suggest that the distribution, volume fraction, morphology, and composition of the multiphase are dependent on the heat treatment parameters, e.g., intercritical temperature and time . However, to the author's knowledge, rare work has been done on the influences of isothermal holding temperature on the microstructure and properties of low carbon FBDP/FMDP steels, especially on the steels with 0.22 mass% C and strong carbide‐forming elements such as Nb and Cr …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Holding Temperature on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of High‐Strength Multiphase Steel

Hou

Zheng

et al. 2015

steel research int.

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Isothermal holding following intercritical annealing is usually used in microstructure control, e.g., fractions and stabilities of retained-austenite (RA). Fe-0.22C-2.5Mn-0.47Si-0.41Cr-0.02Nb (mass%) steel is subjected to intercritical annealing and isothermal treatment at 250, 300, 350, and 400 8C to elucidate the impact on microstructures and mechanical properties by means of electron microscopy and uniaxial tensile test, respectively. The results show that the isothermal holding temperature is vital for the formed phases, including the morphology, volume fraction, and carbon content of RA in the processed steels. The tensile test results indicate that the mechanical properties including Ultra-tensile strength (UTS), Yield strength (YS), as well as Total Elongation (TEL) are attributed to the synthetic action of all constituents of phase morphology and corresponding fractions, e.g., hard-to-soft phase ratio, morphology and fraction of RA, dispersed precipitates. An excellent combination of strength-ductility of the present multiphase steel has been explained in terms of their specific microstructure.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Effect of Holding Temperature on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of High‐Strength Multiphase Steel

Hou

Zheng

et al. 2015

steel research int.

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Phase transformations and microstructure changes in a 12%Cr‐steel during tempering at 1053 K

1994

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The evolution of the microstructure and the phase transformations in a 12% Cr-steel during tempering at 1053 K for 30 s, 0.25, 1 and 2 h were studied. The investigations were carried out by transmission electron microscopy. For the identification of the different phases and the determination of their chemical composition electron diffraction and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy were used. Four different types of precipitates were found: MX, M 3 C, M 2 X and M 23 C 6 . They showed the following time dependent precipitation sequence: MX -, MX + M 3 C _, MX + M 2 X + M 23 C 6 -, MX + M 23 C 6 . Changes in the chemical composition of the various precipitates were determined. The chemical composition of the M 23 C 6 carbide was nearly constant, whereas it varied with time for the M 2 X and MX carbonitrides. Two different types of MX particles were identified: Ti,V-rich precipitates in the quenched and short-term tempered states and V,Cr-rich particles in the longer-term tempered states. Two types of orientation relationships between the ferrrite and the M 23 C 6 were observed: (101},11 (111)M 23 c 6 and (111)all(110)M 23 c 6 -Phasenumwandlungen und Anderungen der Mikrostruktur in einem 12%Cr-Stahl wahrend des Anlassens bei 1053 K. Die Entwicklung der Mikrostruktur und die Phasenumwandlungen eines 12%-Cr-Stahles wurden wahrend des Anlassens bei 1053 K nach 30 s, 0.25, 1 und 2 h untersucht. Die Messungen wurden mil Durchstrahlungselektronenmikroskopie durchgefOhrt. Zur ldentifizierung der verschiedenen Phasen und zur Bestimmung ihrer chemischen Zusammensetzung wurden Elektronenbeugung und energiedispersive Rontgenspektroskopie eingesetzt. Vier verschiedene Teilchenarten wurden beobachtet: MX, M 3 C, M 2 X und M 23 C 6 . Sie zeigten die folgende Ausscheidungssequenz: MX _, MX + M 3 C -, MX + M 2 X + M 23 C 6 _, MX + M 23 C 6 . Veranderungen in der chemischen Zusammensetzung der verschiedenen Teilchenarten wurden beobachtet. Die chemische Zusammensetzung des M 23 C 6 war nahezu konstant, wahrend bei den Carbonitriden M 2 X und MX milder Zeit Anderungen auftraten. Zwei verschiedene Typen von MX-Teilchen wurden identifiziert: Ti,V-reiche in der abgeschreckten und den kurzzeitig angelassenen Proben und V,Cr-reiche in den langer angelassenen. Zwei Arten von Orientierungsbeziehungen M 23 C 6 /Ferrit wurden ermittelt: (101)a 11(111 )M 23 c 6 und (111 la 11(11 O)M 23 c 6 . steel research 65 (1994) No. 10

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The effect of tungsten on dislocation recovery and precipitation behavior of low-activation martensitic 9Cr steels

1991

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The effect of tempering and aging on a low activation martensitic steel

Cited by 6 publications

References 5 publications

Effect of Holding Temperature on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of High‐Strength Multiphase Steel

Effect of Holding Temperature on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of High‐Strength Multiphase Steel

Phase transformations and microstructure changes in a 12%Cr‐steel during tempering at 1053 K

The effect of tungsten on dislocation recovery and precipitation behavior of low-activation martensitic 9Cr steels

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