The effect of the addition of a low profile additive on the curing shrinkage of an unsaturated polyester resin

Liu, C. J.; Kiasat, Mehdi Saeed; Nijhof, A.H.J.; Blokland, Huib; Marissen, R.

doi:10.1002/pen.11393

Cited by 19 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…The LSA can be divided into polar LSA, weak polar LSA and nonpolar LSA, and polar LSA exhibits the most efficient antishrinkage effect among them . The previous researches showed that in the application of polar LSA, the small temperature gradient in the curing process caused insufficient thermal expansion, and the mechanical properties of the composite materials were deteriorated …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of succinic acid on the shrinkage of unsaturated polyester resin

Hong

Wang

Kong

et al. 2014

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Succinic acid was presented as a small molecule low shrinkage additive (LSA) in unsaturated polyester resin (UPR). The effects of succinic acid on the volume shrinkage and the flexural strength of UPR cured at 80 6 1 C were investigated and compared with those of macromolecule LSAs, including polyvinyl acetate (PVAc), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), and polystyrene (PS). The results indicated that the volume shrinkage of succinic acid/UPR specimen was significantly lower than those of specimens with macromolecule LSAs. The flexural strength of succinic acid/UPR specimen was improved. The optimal time of pre-esterification between succinic acid and the excess dihydric alcohol in UPR was 3.0 h, and the optimal addition of succinic acid was 20 g per 100 g UPR. Compared with 2,2-dimethyl malonic acid we put forward before, succinic acid was a cheaper and more commercial LSA, which obviously accelerated the pre-esterification process and presented excellent antishrinkage effect. DSC showed that with the addition of succinic acid, the polymerization of UPR was distinctive. The two-stage polymerization of UPR glue including the crosspolymerization of UPR and the homopolymerization of polyester was changed to a one-stage polymerization with lower exotherm and slower polymerization rate, which was optimal for UPR. FTIR and high resolution magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (HR/MAS NMR) were applied for the quantitative characterization of pre-esterification caused by succinic acid. Succinic acid performed better effects on the polymerization of UPR as compared to previous LSAs, and finally the homogeneous micro-structure of cured succinic acid/UPR formed and was demonstrated by SEM.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of succinic acid on the shrinkage of unsaturated polyester resin

Hong

Wang

Kong

et al. 2014

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…The effect of different types of LPA on the cure shrinkage was investigated by many researchers [13, 21, 23, 29–33]. It was determined that there is an optimal LPA content to compensate for cure shrinkage that varies depending on the resin and LPA systems studied.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relation between volumetric changes of unsaturated polyester resin and surface finish quality of fiberglass/unsaturated polyester composite panels

2011

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Resin dimensional changes, including cure shrinkage and thermal expansion, highly influence the surface finish quality of composite parts. Low profile additives (LPA) are commonly incorporated in unsaturated polyester (UP) resins to compensate for resin shrinkage and obtain a high quality surface finish. In this study, the dimensional change of an UP resin with different LPA contents was characterized. Both resin cure shrinkage and resin thermal expansion were measured. A simple methodology was then developed to estimate the surface finish quality of panels, manufactured by resin transfer molding (RTM), based on the prediction of part thickness variation during the process. Results show good agreement with the experimental investigations. POLYM. COMPOS., 2011. © 2011 Society of Plastics Engineers

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“…Because there is large difference in thermal expansion coefficients between the two materials (the thermal expansion coefficient of the plastic film is about 10 times of that of the flexible decorative veneer) and the two materials are relatively thin, the shrinkage displacement, and the internal stress in the two material generated during hot pressing, pressure relief, and cooling processes are uneven extremely, so that warpage may occur on the side of the plastic film with a large thermal expansion coefficient in the composite flexible decorative material, 8–11 and warpage has direct effects on industrial application of the flexible decorative veneer on surface of wood products. Therefore, how to control warpage during hot pressing and compositing processes in application of PRPDSV is the key technical difficulty to be solved for industrial production and application of the product 12–17 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Warpage control method during surface forming process of plastic film‐reinforced flexible decorative veneer

Peng

Zhao

Zhang

et al. 2021

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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The plastic film of the new plastic film reinforced pliable decorative veneer (PRPDSV) is used as a flexible reinforcement material and an adhesive material. It has good water resistance, impermeability, simple preparation and finishing processes, and no formaldehyde release. However, warpage phenomenon during hot pressing has been a bottleneck problem restricting its industrial development. In order to solve this problem solve, the study proposed a concave, and convex molds method, established an elastic–plastic FEA model of hot pressing processes of the PRPDSV using concave and convex molds with static/general static solution module in the nonlinear ABAQUS, and researched the effect on the performances of the PRPDSV from the parameters of temperature, pressure, and mold curvature radius theoretically and verified experimentally. Analysis results showed that the surface forming temperature had a great effect on warpage control for PRPDSV. The higher the temperature is, the smaller the curvature radius of the corresponding mold will be and the better the warpage will be. The curvature radius of the molds had a significant effect on the warpage control. Under the conditions with the same hot pressing parameters, the smaller the curvature radius is, and the better control on the warpage for the PRPDSV will be.

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The effect of the addition of a low profile additive on the curing shrinkage of an unsaturated polyester resin

Cited by 19 publications

References 1 publication

Effect of succinic acid on the shrinkage of unsaturated polyester resin

Effect of succinic acid on the shrinkage of unsaturated polyester resin

Relation between volumetric changes of unsaturated polyester resin and surface finish quality of fiberglass/unsaturated polyester composite panels

Warpage control method during surface forming process of plastic film‐reinforced flexible decorative veneer

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