The effect of the addition of chemical materials on the sintering of biomass ash

Fernández, Manuel F.; Arocas, Paloma Díaz; Nebot, L. Gutiérrez; Carrasco, J.E.

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2008.02.019

Cited by 97 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…To take advantage of bamboo as energy source by combustion process, it is necessary to understand the thermal and ash characteristics of bamboo. In general, high alkaline content in biomass ash can cause ash sintering and slag formation in the combustion process so that it needs to be added additives such as dolomite, kaolin, and limestone which can increase melting point of biomass ash (Llorente et al 2008). This research studies the thermal and ash characteristics of three bamboo species, i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal and Ash Characterization of Indonesian Bamboo and Its Potential for Solid Fuel and Waste Valorization

Purbasari

Samadhi

Bindar

2016

Int. J. Renew. Energy Dev.

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Bamboo has been widely used in Indonesia for construction, handicrafts, furniture and other uses. However, the use of bamboo as a biomass for renewable energy source has not been extensively explored. This paper describes the thermal and ash characterization of three bamboo species found in Indonesia, i.e. Gigantochloa apus, Gigantochloa levis and Gigantochloa atroviolacea. Characterization of bamboo properties as a solid fuel includes proximate and ultimate analyses, calorific value measurement and thermogravimetric analysis. Ash characterization includes oxide composition analysis and phase analysis by X-Ray diffraction. The selected bamboo species have calorific value comparable with wood with low nitrogen and sulphur contents, indicating that they can be used as renewable energy sources. Bamboo ash contains high silicon so that bamboo ash has potential to be used further as building materials or engineering purposes. Ash composition analysis also indicates high alkali that can cause ash sintering and slag formation in combustion process. This implies that the combustion of bamboo requires the use of additives to reduce the risk of ash sintering and slag formation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal and Ash Characterization of Indonesian Bamboo and Its Potential for Solid Fuel and Waste Valorization

Purbasari

Samadhi

Bindar

2016

Int. J. Renew. Energy Dev.

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“…They can attach to the sticky bed particle surface and increase the sintering temperature of the eutectic composition. [18][19][20][21] Most of the aforementioned studies [8][9][10]14,[22][23][24][25] were carried out using silica sand as bed material.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Temperature Interactions between Molten Miscanthus Ashes and Bed Materials in a Fluidized-Bed Gasifier

et al. 2015

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One of the main concerns about biomass fluidized bed gasification and combustion is the risk of bed particle agglomeration due to ash melting. Although many studies have been conducted about the agglomeration mechanism using silica sand, olivine is mostly mentioned as an alternative bed material for tar decomposition, and its interaction with biomass ash has not been yet fully understood. The aim of this work is to investigate the agglomeration of miscanthus ashes, focusing on thermophysical and thermochemical aspects. Three different bed materials (silica sand (SiO 2 ), raw and calcined olivine ((Mg,Fe) 2 SiO 4 )) and an additive to prevent agglomeration (dolomite (CaMg(CO 3 ) 2 ) were tested. The effects of atmosphere and miscanthus harvest time were also investigated. It was found that the key parameter of agglomeration is the wettability of bed particles by molten ashes. In contact with ashes all three bed material showed good wetting tendencies, while dolomite had non-wetting properties. The adhesion between bed materials and molten ashes increases in the order of silica, olivine and calcined olivine. While in the case of silica sand only physical adhesion occurred, the diffusion of iron oxide into the molten ash was observed using olivine. Calcined olivine has a roughened surface which further increased the adhesion. The atmosphere did not influence the mechanism of ash/bed material interaction. On the other hand, miscanthus harvest time had a significant effect on ash reactivity and interaction with raw and calcined olivine.

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“…Thus CaO is more active than the CaCO 3 . Moreover, lime is also proved suitable to reduce the sintering of biomass ash [51]. It was verified that phosphorus-rich additives, such as calcium phosphate (Ca 3 (PO 4 ) 2 ), monocalcium phosphate (Ca(H 2 PO 4 ) 2 ) and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (NH 4 H 2 PO 4 ), are positive for capturing alkali metals, restraining the volatilization of alkali metals and inhibiting the sintering of ash during wheat straw combustion [52].…”

Section: A C C E P T E D Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbonization of biomass: Effect of additives on alkali metals residue, SO 2 and NO emission of chars during combustion

Han

Wang

et al. 2017

Energy

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Please cite this article as: Qi J, Han K, Wang Q, Gao J, Carbonization of biomass: Effect of additives on alkali metals residue, SO 2 and NO emission of chars during combustion, Energy (2017), AbstractThe effect of additives (NH 4 H 2 PO 4 , CaCO 3 and CaO) on biomass carbonization was studied in the current paper, including residual K and Na in chars, SO 2 and NO emission of different chars during combustion. Experiment was carried on a tube furnace system. The results show that, CaO and NH 4 H 2 PO 4 reduce the alkali content of chars to different degree. Three additives inhibit SO 2 emission from raw and carbonized biomass remarkably, and SO 2 mass emission is lesser than 0.1 mg g −1 . Three additives enhance NO emission at different levels, and NO mass emission is from 1.2 to 3.5 mg g −1 . Both raw and carbonized biomass can be modified by some additives to achieve near zero emissions of SO 2 . Although the additives promote the NO release, the total emission rate (3.8 to 10.1 %) was much lower than that of brown coal combustion, which was reported as 33.5 to 37.7 %. Economic analysis shows that three additives are economy for industry utility. Thus the three additives are good for modifying biomass carbon to attain clean and efficient combustion.

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The effect of the addition of chemical materials on the sintering of biomass ash

Cited by 97 publications

References 12 publications

Thermal and Ash Characterization of Indonesian Bamboo and Its Potential for Solid Fuel and Waste Valorization

Thermal and Ash Characterization of Indonesian Bamboo and Its Potential for Solid Fuel and Waste Valorization

High-Temperature Interactions between Molten Miscanthus Ashes and Bed Materials in a Fluidized-Bed Gasifier

Carbonization of biomass: Effect of additives on alkali metals residue, SO 2 and NO emission of chars during combustion

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