The Effect of the Administration of Salam Leaf Ethanol Extract on IL-6 and IL-4 on Benzene-Induced Brain Networks of Rats

Abstract

Benzene is poisonous to the human body and has been linked to neuro-toxic and neurodegenerative illnesses. Bay leaf is extremely safe to consume because it has been shown in experimental animals to have no toxic, teratogenic, or genotoxic effects and to have a strong antioxidant effect. The purpose of this study is to assess the neuroprotective impact of an ethanolic extract of bay leaf on rats exposed to benzene. The study was divided into 11 groups: group 1 was assigned to a control condition, groups 2 and 3 were assigned to negative controls, groups 4 and 5 were assigned to positive controls, and groups 6-11 were assigned to receive an ethanol extract of bay leaf. For 21 days, benzene was injected intraperitoneally every three and six days and the extract was delivered orally. On day 22, rats were sedated and their brains were collected and examined for IL-4 and IL-6 levels using an Elisa kit and a 450 nm microplate reader. The results indicated that the levels of IL-4 and IL-6 increased statistically substantially in rats given just benzene (p0.05), whereas they decreased in animals given the highest extract, 800 mg/kg BW. The levels of IL-4 and IL-6 were not statistically significantly different from those in the normal group (p>0.05). Thus, it can be inferred that the ethanolic extract of bay leaves has a neuroprotective effect due to the presence of flavonoids that contribute to the prevention of inflammation caused by benzene exposure.

Kadar Ureum dan Kreatinin Tikus Putih (Rattus Norvegicus) Setelah Diberikan Paparan Asap Rokok dan Induksi Ekstrak Etanol Daun Salam (Syzygium Polyanthum)

“…Sementara kadar kreatinin pada kelompok 3 (62,5 mg/kg BB), kelompok 4 (150 mg/kg BB) dan 5 (250 mg/kg BB) sama nyata dengan kelompok 1 (kontrol) hal ini menunjukkan bahwa pemberian ekstrak daun salam pada dosis 62,5 mg/kg BB, 150 mg/kg BB dan 250 mg/kg BB sama-sama berpotensi dapat menurunkan kadar kreatinin tikus yang dipapar asap rokok. Efek perbaikan kadar ureum dan kreatinin pada kelompok perlakuan yang diberi ekstrak etanol daun salam kemungkinan disebabkan oleh adanya aktivitas antioksidan yang dihasilkan oleh metabolit sekunder yang terkandung didalamnya (Gultom et al, 2022). Dari hasil skrinning fitokimia menunjukkan bahwa ekstraak etanol daun salam terbukti positif mengandung senyawa alkaloid, saponin, flavonoid dan tannin (table 2).…”

“…Daun salam mengandung minyak atsiri, tannin, flavonoid, triterpenoid, steroid, saponin dan karbohidrat. Kandungan tannin dan flavonoid yang ada pada daun salam berperan sebagai antioksidan dengan menghilangkan radikal bebas dan mengaktifkan enzim antioksidan (Gultom et al, 2022;Moeloek, 2006).…”

Pure and doped carbon quantum dots as fluorescent probes for the detection of phenol compounds and antibiotics in aquariums

“…Hydroquinone, one of the primary phenol derivatives, is a well-known hepatotoxic and carcinogenic chemical 3 . Recent research revealed hydroquinone could increase cancer risk by damaging DNA and impairing the immune system 4 . Amino phenols are potentially hazardous and mutagenic chemicals utilized or released in the industrial, medicinal, and agriculture sectors 5 , 6 .…”