The Effect of the Availability of Latrines on Soil-Transmitted Nematode Infections in the Plantation Sector in Sri Lanka

Sørensen, Eigil; Ismail, M. M.; Amarasinghe, D. K. C.; Hettiarachchi, I; Dassenaieke, T. S. De C.

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.1994.51.36

Cited by 31 publications

(24 citation statements)

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“…Reporting consistent latrine use was associated with a decreased rate of infection with both hookworm and Trichuris , although not with Ascaris . This is in keeping with a study by Sorensen and others, 38 which also found that latrine ownership had more impact on hookworm infection than on Trichuris or Ascaris . Nguyen and others 39 also found that hookworm infection, but not Ascaris or Trichuris , was associated with lack of a closed latrine (OR = 2.0).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Effects of Annual Mass Treatment with Ivermectin for Onchocerciasis on the Prevalence of Intestinal Helminths

Gutman

Emukah²,

Okpala³

et al. 2010

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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We evaluated the effect of annual ivermectin (IV) distribution for onchocerciasis on the prevalence of soil transmitted helminth (STH) infections in school-aged (SAC) and preschool-aged (PAC) children by comparing children in villages that had received treatment for 13 years to those from socioeconomically similar villages in untreated areas. We enrolled 1,031 SAC and 211 PAC for Kato Katz examinations. Treated areas had a lower prevalence of Ascaris (SAC: 3% versus 12%, P < 0.0001; PAC: 3% versus 10%, P < 0.051) and Trichuris (SAC: 6% versus 10%, P = 0.012; PAC: 1% versus 8%, P = 0.019), but not hookworm (SAC: 38% versus 42%, P = 0.20; PAC: 21% versus 27%, P = 0.30). The prevalence of Ascaris or Trichuris in treated areas was below the WHO threshold for mass antihelminthic treatment (MDA), but not for hookworm. We conclude that benzimidazole MDA in IV treatment areas is indicated to effectively control hookworm.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Effects of Annual Mass Treatment with Ivermectin for Onchocerciasis on the Prevalence of Intestinal Helminths

Gutman

Emukah²,

Okpala³

et al. 2010

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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“…Congested living conditions, a major determinant for Ascaris infection on the plantations (Sorensen et al, 1994), existed (Kan et al, 1993;De Silva et al, 1996). No such trend was apparent among the present subjects, however, probably because the majority of the subjects had received little if any formal education.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The prevalence of Ascaris infection is known to be high in many Sri Lankan plantations, often exceeding 70.0% (Sorensen et al, 1994(Sorensen et al, , 1996. That the prevalence recorded in the present study was only 50.0% is probably a consequence of the national de-worming programme which, for 6 years, has organized the bi-annual administration of anthelmintics to all those aged 3-18 years who live on the plantations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Socio–economic and behavioural factors affecting the prevalence ofAscarisinfection in a low-country tea plantation in Sri Lanka

Gunawardena

Karunaweera

Ismail

2004

Annals of Tropical Medicine & Parasitology

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The identification of the factors that affect the prevalences of geohelminthiases should help to maximize the effectiveness of programmes for the control of these diseases. In the present study, the relationships between the prevalence and intensity of human infection with Ascaris and the availability of sanitary facilities, socio-economic status and personal health habits have been explored in Sri Lanka. The 176 subjects, who lived on a low-country tea plantation, were aged 2-50 years (median = 13 years) and were investigated between the July and December of 2000. When the prevalence and intensity of Ascaris infection were determined, using Kato-Katz smears, 50.0% of the subjects were found to be secreting the eggs of the parasite. Almost all (96.6%) of the subjects lived in terraces of one-room houses built by the plantation owners, and only 30.7% had access to a latrine. Most (90.3%) obtained their drinking water from common taps, and 48.8% boiled their drinking water. The subjects who only drank water that had been boiled and those who washed their hands before meals were relatively unlikely to be infected (P < 0.05 for each). In congested living conditions with poor sanitary facilities, the level of faecal contamination of the environment is invariably high. Even under these conditions, however, good hygiene and the boiling of all drinking water can reduce the risks of Ascaris infection. In the study setting and in similar environments, regular anthelmintic therapy, improvements in housing conditions and sanitary facilities, and health education, to promote risk-reducing patterns of behaviour, would all be beneficial.

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“…For soil transmitted parasites, soil is not only a reservoir of parasitic infective stages but also an environment where infective stages develop (Sorensen et al 1994).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relation between the prevalence of soil transmitted parasites in the soil and among school children in Zagazig district, Sharkyia Governorate, Egypt

et al. 2014

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Soil transmitted helminths are highly prevalent throughout the developing countries of the world and Egypt is categorized as one of the developing countries. This study aimed to detect the relation between the presence and prevalence of STH in the soil and their reflection on the prevalence among school-children living in rural and urban areas in Zagazig district, Egypt. The present study was carried out on (859) school-children aged 6-13 years in Zagazig district all over the year 2013. They were subjected to stool examination. Out of them 100 suspected children were serotested for anti-TES IgG antibodies Toxocara spp. Soil samples also were collected from their places and regions. The results showed overall prevalence of parasitic infections was 21.07 % for helminthic infection and 39.46 % for protozoa. The prevalence of parasitic infections was more among children in rural areas (28, 49.2, 11.1 %) than those who live in urban areas (6.4, 18, 2.2 %) for helminths, protozoa and Toxocara as the most prevalent helminth respectively. Highly significant association was found between soil-transmitted helminthic infections detected by stool examination of the studied children group and the prevalence of geohelminthes in the examined soil samples, taken from residency areas of those children. This association was missed regarding protozoal infections. According to the results, low level of education and consequently poor socioeconomic and hygienic conditions of families appear to be powerful determinants of infection. Thus, improving environmental sanitation is imperative for the control of soil-transmitted helminths.

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The Effect of the Availability of Latrines on Soil-Transmitted Nematode Infections in the Plantation Sector in Sri Lanka

Cited by 31 publications

References 0 publications

Effects of Annual Mass Treatment with Ivermectin for Onchocerciasis on the Prevalence of Intestinal Helminths

Effects of Annual Mass Treatment with Ivermectin for Onchocerciasis on the Prevalence of Intestinal Helminths

Socio–economic and behavioural factors affecting the prevalence ofAscarisinfection in a low-country tea plantation in Sri Lanka

The relation between the prevalence of soil transmitted parasites in the soil and among school children in Zagazig district, Sharkyia Governorate, Egypt

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