The effect of the color red on encoding and retrieval of declarative knowledge

Gnambs, Timo; Appel, Markus; Kaspar, Kai

doi:10.1016/j.lindif.2015.07.017

Cited by 16 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Recent studies have focused on retrieval of rather complex information. 27,46,47 Although some of these color effects on memory are quite remarkable, when studied in isolation, they reveal | 67 little about potential effects of task type 16 and difficulty. 48 Therefore, we chose to use tasks of varying difficulty that tap into different processes involved in recognition.…”

Section: Measures Of Cognitive Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive performance and emotion are indifferent to ambient color

Castell

Stelzmann

Oberfeld

et al. 2017

Color Research & Application

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Folklore has it that ambient color has the power to relax or arouse the observer and enhance performance when executing cognitive tasks. We picked a number of commercially available colors that allegedly have the power to alter cognitive performance and the emotional state, and exposed subjects to them while solving a battery of cognitive tasks. The colors were "Cool Down Pink", which is said to produce relaxing effects and reduce effort, "Energy Red", allegedly enhancing performance via increased arousal, "Relaxing Blue", which is said to enhance attention and concentration, as well as white as a control. In a between-subjects design, a total of 170 high school students carried out five tasks (number series completion, mental rotation, and memory for word categories, word pairs, and geometrical figures) while exposed to one of the four colors. The emotional state of the subjects was measured before the beginning and at the end of the experiment. The ambient colors did not have the predicted effects, neither on cognitive performance nor on the emotional state of the participants. K E Y W O R D SBaker-Miller Pink, cognitive performance, color, emotion, interior design Color Res Appl. 2018;43:65-74. wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/col V C 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. | 65

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Section: Measures Of Cognitive Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive performance and emotion are indifferent to ambient color

Castell

Stelzmann

Oberfeld

et al. 2017

Color Research & Application

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“…The HSL values can be translated into the RGB colour model that is easily applicable to digital images. In accordance with previous studies (Gnambs, Appel, & Batinic, ; Gnambs, Appel, & Kaspar, ), we selected the following values: red (HSL: 0°/100%/50%; RGB: 255/0/0), blue (HSL: 240°/100%/50%; RGB: 0/0/255) and pure grey as an achromatic colour with, per definition, zero saturation (HSL: 0°/0%/50%; RGB: 128/128/128). Even though these values can be properly reproduced on accurately calibrated monitors, the PC monitors of normal users (like our participants) usually do not perfectly match our intended hue, saturation and luminance.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 98%

The effects of colour and valence on news evaluation

et al. 2015

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Research across different fields of psychology has reported effects of colour cues on a variety of cognitive processes. Especially, the colour red has been shown to have striking influences. In the context of media reception, however, colour effects have been widely neglected so far. This study made a first step in this direction by investigating the effects of the colour red (compared with blue and grey) on the way news articles are evaluated. Two types of news were framed by a coloured border while the valence of the news content additionally varied. Based on 369 participants who read and evaluated the news articles online, we observed effects for colour cues and news valence in the absence of an interaction effect, indicating that the colour red induced approach motivation. However, only the contrast between red and grey reached statistical significance, indicating that chromatic and achromatic colours may differ in their perceived visual saliency. Overall, these results provide an important complement to previous studies and have practical implications for media researchers and producers.

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“…Although additional research would be required to find out which of the color combinations is actually the best one for cognitive processes, it is worth stressing that the very use of various colors in the periodic table is reasonable: as follows from extensive research, colorful objects or scenes are memorized better than their equivalents shown in the gray scale (Borges et al, 1977;Wichmann et al, 2002;Spence et al, 2006). Selecting the palette for the periodic table, one should also bear it in mind that red should be used guardedly: although it helps focus on details, it has also been demonstrated to negatively affect the learning efficiency (Gnambs, Appel, Kaspar, 2015).…”

Section: Writes That the Extent Of Utilization Of The Periodic Table mentioning

confidence: 99%