The effect of the conjoined tendon of the short head of the biceps and coracobrachialis on shoulder stability and kinematics during in-vitro simulation

Remplissage Versus Latarjet for Engaging Hill-Sachs Defects Without Substantial Glenoid Bone Loss: A Biomechanical Comparison

“…Some superficial soft tissues were removed; however, the origin and insertions of the deltoid muscle, rotator cuff muscles, both heads of the biceps, and the glenohumeral capsule were preserved. Number 2 Ethibond 1 sutures (Ethicon Inc, Somerville, NJ, USA) were placed into the tendons of the three heads of the deltoid, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis, the conjoint group, and the long head of the biceps to allow the application of physiologic loads via the shoulder instability simulator [10,11,13,14,23,25].…”

“…The nine sutured tendons were passed through alignment guides to ensure physiologic force vectors and connected to computer-controlled pneumatic actuators (Airpot Co, Norwalk, CT, USA). The conjoint tendon was loaded with 10 N and the supraspinatus, subscapularis, and the combination of the infraspinatus and teres minor were all loaded with 7.5 N each [10,11,13,14,23,25]. The anterior, lateral, and posterior heads of the deltoid muscle were each loaded with 5 N [11,18,23,25].…”

“…The anterior, lateral, and posterior heads of the deltoid muscle were each loaded with 5 N [11,18,23,25]. Applied loads were determined from previous studies with similar testing protocols, as well as from literature examining the effect of muscular loading on joint compression [7,9,10,17,24,25].…”

The Effect of the Remplissage Procedure on Shoulder Stability and Range of Motion

“…2) that simulated unconstrained glenohumeral motion [22][23][24][25] . The simulator allowed actuation of the individual rotator cuff muscles and the anterior, middle, and posterior heads of the deltoid muscle (see Appendix).…”

Mid-range shoulder instability modeled as a cam-follower mechanism

“…Stability is related to the compression magnitude (Fukuda et al, 1988) and the constraint offered by the glenoid concavity (Anglin et al, 2000). Experimental studies investigating shoulder stability have either measured translational force during driven displacement (Favre et al, 2011;Halder et al, 2001;Itoi et al, 2000;Karduna et al, 1997;Kikuchi et al, 2008;Tammachote et al, 2007;Yamamoto et al, 2009) or have measured displacement after applying a predetermined translational force (Bryce et al, 2010;Elkinson et al, 2012;Giles et al, 2011;Mihata et al, 2012;Peltier et al, 2012;Schulze-Borges et al, 2013;Sekiya et al, 2012Sekiya et al, , 2009Wellmann et al, 2011aWellmann et al, , 2011bWellmann et al, , 2008. Oosterom et al (2003) published a mathematical model predicting the "translational stiffness" of the shoulder joint after arthroplasty.…”