The effect of the disulfideisomerase domain containing protein in the defense against polyhexamethylene biguanide of highly tolerant Acanthamoeba at the trophozoite stage

Huang, Fu Chin; Liu, Tao Shen; Li, Sung Chou; Shih, Ming Chang; Shin, Jyh Wei; Lin, Wei Chen

doi:10.1016/j.ijpddr.2016.11.001

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Trophozoites were harvested at the logarithmic growth phase after cultivation for 3–5 days. The clinical isolates were isolated from the corneal ulcers of patients who were diagnosed with AK in the Cheng Kung University Hospital [ 3 , 17 , 37 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogenic Acanthamoeba castellanii Secretes the Extracellular Aminopeptidase M20/M25/M40 Family Protein to Target Cells for Phagocytosis by Disruption

et al. 2017

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Acanthamoeba is free-living protist pathogen capable of causing a blinding keratitis and granulomatous encephalitis. However, the mechanisms of Acanthamoeba pathogenesis are still not clear. Here, our results show that cells co-cultured with pathogenic Acanthamoeba would be spherical and floated, even without contacting the protists. Then, the Acanthamoeba protists would contact and engulf these cells. In order to clarify the contact-independent pathogenesis mechanism in Acanthamoeba, we collected the Acanthamoeba-secreted proteins (Asp) to incubate with cells for identifying the extracellular virulent factors and investigating the cytotoxicity process. The Asps of pathogenic Acanthamoeba express protease activity to reactive Leu amino acid in ECM and induce cell-losing adhesion ability. The M20/M25/M40 superfamily aminopeptidase protein (ACA1_264610), an aminopeptidase be found in Asp, is upregulated after Acanthamoeba and C6 cell co-culturing for 6 h. Pre-treating the Asp with leucine aminopeptidase inhibitor and the specific antibodies of Acanthamoeba M20/M25/M40 superfamily aminopeptidase could reduce the cell damage during Asp and cell co-incubation. These results suggest an important functional role of the Acanthamoeba secreted extracellular aminopeptidases in the Acanthamoeba pathogenesis process. This study provides information regarding clinically pathogenic isolates to target specific molecules and design combined drugs.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogenic Acanthamoeba castellanii Secretes the Extracellular Aminopeptidase M20/M25/M40 Family Protein to Target Cells for Phagocytosis by Disruption

et al. 2017

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“…However, the failure of topical treatments can occur due to the formation of amoebic cysts and disruption of the environment in the eye. Surgical options, including corneal transplantation, are necessary in the majority of AK cases to control the disease ( 7 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A. castellanii and P. aeruginosa mutually exacerbate damage to corneal cells during coinfection

Chen,

Liao,

Wang

et al. 2024

Microbiol Spectr

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Microorganisms that are involved in microbial invasion keratitis infiltrate the cornea and cause eye pain. Despite the administration of antimicrobial treatment, patients with amoebic keratitis develop bacterial coinfections. Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection accounts for 50% of the reported bacterial coinfections in these patients. However, the role of pathogenic bacteria in amoeba-induced corneal damage remains unclear. In our current study, we conducted assays to examine cytopathic effects and observed increased corneal cell damage in the group with secondary P. aeruginosa infections. Imaging revealed that the presence of A. castellanii enhanced the accumulation of P. aeruginosa in areas of cell monolayer leakage. We demonstrated that treatment of P. aeruginosa with amoeba-soluble antigen resulted in higher adhesion ability, increased biofilm formation, and more severe corneal cell damage. Overall, this research significantly contributes to our understanding of the risk of P. aeruginosa coinfection in the progression of Acanthamoeba keratitis. IMPORTANCE At the National Cheng Kung University Hospital, numerous cases of amoebic keratitis had been identified with concurrent bacterial infections. Among these bacterial coinfections, Pseudomonas aeruginosa accounted for 50% of the reported cases. However, the impact of pathogenic bacteria on amoeba-induced corneal damage remains unclear. In our study, we successfully demonstrated that P. aeruginosa accumulated on the Acanthamoeba castellanii surface and caused more severe corneal damage. We also indicated that the exposure of P. aeruginosa to amoeba-soluble antigens enhanced its adhesion ability, promoted biofilm formation, and led to more severe corneal cell damage. These findings significantly contributed to our understanding of the risk associated with P. aeruginosa coinfection in the progression of amoeba keratitis.

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“… 4 , 5 Although numerous studies have been performed in an effort to improve the diagnosis and treatment of AK, 6 , 7 courses of topical anti-amoebic agents for up to 12 months remain the mainstay of treatment. 8 Unfortunately, because of drug resistance, 9 failure of topical medications is not uncommon, and PKP is still required in at least 25% of cases. 10 Therefore, novel treatments to enhance drug efficacy are needed to decrease the morbidity associated with AK.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of ethanol pretreatment in<em> Acanthamoeba</em> keratitis: a long-term follow-up study

Lin¹,

Tseng²,

Huang³

et al. 2018

IDR

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PurposeThe aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term outcomes of ethanol pretreatment in Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK).Patients and methodsThis single-center, retrospective, interventional study included 22 patients (24 eyes) who developed AK and underwent ethanol pretreatment between 2009 and 2015. Samples for smears, polymerase chain reaction, and culture for evidence of Acanthamoeba were collected. After ethanol pretreatment, the patients were treated with corneal epithelial debridement, topical 0.02% polyhexamethylene biguanide, and 0.1% propamidine isethionate. The primary outcomes were a clinically stable ocular surface, complete recovery from corneal infection, and acceptable corneal haze. The secondary outcome measure was improvement in best-corrected visual acuity. Complications and predictors of the visual outcome were also recorded.ResultsEthanol pretreatment was successful in 20 (83.3%) of the 24 eyes, and no further optical keratoplasty was required. Four eyes required rescue therapeutic keratoplasty because of rapid progression of AK. Patients in whom ethanol pretreatment was successful achieved good final visual outcomes regardless of sex, age, or causative Acanthamoeba species. Patients with worse initial best-corrected visual acuity and rigid gas permeable lens-related AK had better improvement in vision.ConclusionEthanol as a pretreatment for AK is safe and effective. Combined with corneal epithelial debridement, ethanol pretreatment may preclude the need for optical and therapeutic keratoplasty. This technique is suitable for all stages of AK presenting within 3 weeks of symptom onset and achieves favorable results especially in early AK.

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The effect of the disulfideisomerase domain containing protein in the defense against polyhexamethylene biguanide of highly tolerant Acanthamoeba at the trophozoite stage

Cited by 5 publications

References 26 publications

Pathogenic Acanthamoeba castellanii Secretes the Extracellular Aminopeptidase M20/M25/M40 Family Protein to Target Cells for Phagocytosis by Disruption

Pathogenic Acanthamoeba castellanii Secretes the Extracellular Aminopeptidase M20/M25/M40 Family Protein to Target Cells for Phagocytosis by Disruption

A. castellanii and P. aeruginosa mutually exacerbate damage to corneal cells during coinfection

Effect of ethanol pretreatment in<em> Acanthamoeba</em> keratitis: a long-term follow-up study

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