The Effect of the Dry Line and Convective Initiation on Drought Evolution over Oklahoma during the 2011 Drought

Flanagan, Paul X.; Basara, Jeffrey B.; Illston, Bradley G.; Otkin, Jason A.

doi:10.1155/2017/8430743

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 61 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Historically, automatic detection algorithms have been challenged by our limited computational capabilities and ability to simulate mesoscale processes over climate time scales, and the relatively coarse spatial density of surface moisture gradient observations to validate simulations. Automatic algorithms can also be used to identify how a warmer climate might alter dryline characteristics and other processes such as changes in soil moisture (Flanagan et al 2017;Johnson and Hitchens 2018), highlighting the need for more research in this direction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dryline characteristics in North America’s historical and future climates

Scaff

Prein

et al. 2021

Clim Dyn

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Drylines are atmospheric boundaries separating dry from moist air that can initiate convection. Potential changes in the location, frequency, and characteristics of drylines in future climates are unknown. This study applies a multi-parametric algorithm to objectively identify and characterize the dryline in North America using convection-permitting regional climate model simulations with 4-km horizontal grid spacing for 13-years under a historical and a pseudo-global warming climate projection by the end of the century.The dryline identification is successfully achieved with a set of standardized algorithm parameters across the lee side of the Rocky Mountains from the Canadian Rockies to the Sierra Madres in Mexico. The dryline is present 27% of the days at 00 UTC between April and September in the current climate, with a mean humidity gradient magnitude of 0.16 g -1 kg -1 km -1 .The seasonal cycle of drylines peak around April and May in the southern Plains, and in June and July in the northern Plains. In the future climate, the magnitude and frequency of drylines increase 5% and 13%, correspondingly, with a stronger intensification southward. Future drylines strengthen during their peak intensity in the afternoon in the Southern U.S. and Northeast Mexico. Drylines also show increasing intensities in the morning with future magnitudes that are comparable to peak intensities found in the afternoon in the historical climate. Furthermore, an extension of the seasonality of intense drylines could produce end-of-summer drylines that are as strong as mid-summer drylines in the current climate. This might affect the seasonality and the diurnal cycle of convective activity in future climates, challenging weather forecasting and agricultural planning.2

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dryline characteristics in North America’s historical and future climates

Scaff

Prein

et al. 2021

Clim Dyn

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…For FWI, the median FWI value was used as the dividing point to separate AETs as having wet or dry soil. This FWI dividing value of (0.85) is useful in this analysis as a majority of the vegetation in Oklahoma is known to flourish when FWI is above 0.8 (Flanagan et al 2017). For wind speed, very slow (,2 m s 21 ), slow (2-5 m s 21 ), and fast (.5 m s 21 ) categories were used.…”

Section: B Environmental Controls On the Presunset Q Y Maximummentioning

confidence: 99%

An Analysis of the Processes Affecting Rapid Near-Surface Water Vapor Increases during the Afternoon to Evening Transition in Oklahoma

Blumberg

Turner

Cavallo

et al. 2019

Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This study used 20 years of Oklahoma Mesonet data to investigate the changes of near-surface water vapor mixing ratio qυ during the afternoon to evening transition (AET). Similar to past studies, increases in qυ are found to occur near sunset. However, the location, magnitude, and timing of the qυ maximum occurring during the AET are shown to be dependent on the seasonal growth and harvest of vegetation across Oklahoma in the spring and summer months. Particularly, the late spring harvest of winter wheat grown in Oklahoma appears to modify the relative contribution of local and nonlocal processes on qυ. By analyzing time series of qυ during the AET, it is found that the likelihood of a presunset qυ maximum is strongly dependent upon vegetation, soil moisture, wind speed, and cloud cover. Analysis also reveals that the increase in qυ during the AET can increase the parcel conditional instability despite the surface cooling produced by loss of insolation. Next to known changes in low-level wind shear, these changes in instability and moisture demonstrate new ways the AET can modify the presence of the key ingredients relevant to explaining the climatological increase in severe convective storm hazards around sunset.

show abstract

“…Drought is the primary cause of stress in forest ecosystems under climate change and may increase tree mortality under climatic warming [6]. In 2011, an intense drought impacted several regions around the world, causing a reduction in forest carbon sequestration [9]. Drought during the early growth season has long-lasting effects on photosynthesis and ecosystem carbon balance in plantations [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal Photosynthesis and Carbon Assimilation of Dynamics in a Zelkova serrata (Thunb.) Makino Plantation

Chen

Wang

Lin

et al. 2021

Forests

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

As anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions intensify global climate change, plantations have become an important tool to mitigate atmospheric CO2. Our aim in this study was to estimate carbon assimilation and clarify the impact of environmental factors on the photosynthesis of Zelkova serrata (Thunb.) Makino, an important plantation species that is extensively planted in low altitude regions of East Asia. We measured monthly gas exchange parameters and leaf area index to estimate carbon assimilation. The results showed that gas exchange was significantly affected by vapor pressure deficit and temperature, especially in the dry season, and both photosynthetic rate and carbon assimilation decreased. Lower daytime assimilation and higher nighttime respiration during the dry season, which caused a 43% decrease in carbon assimilation in Z. serrata plantations. Z. serrata exhibited lower photosynthetic rate and lower carbon assimilation following planting in a tropical monsoon climate area. Therefore, the effects of extreme weather such as high temperature and vapor pressure deficit on Z. serrata forest carbon budget could be stronger in the future. Leaf area showed seasonal variation, and severe defoliation was caused by a typhoon in the summer. The annual carbon assimilation was estimated at 3.50 Mg C ha−1 year−1 in the study area.

show abstract

The Effect of the Dry Line and Convective Initiation on Drought Evolution over Oklahoma during the 2011 Drought

Cited by 7 publications

References 61 publications

Dryline characteristics in North America’s historical and future climates

Dryline characteristics in North America’s historical and future climates

An Analysis of the Processes Affecting Rapid Near-Surface Water Vapor Increases during the Afternoon to Evening Transition in Oklahoma

Seasonal Photosynthesis and Carbon Assimilation of Dynamics in a Zelkova serrata (Thunb.) Makino Plantation

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About