The effect of the emotion regulation training on the resilience of caregivers of patients with schizophrenia: a parallel randomized controlled trial

Abstract

Background Schizophrenia is the most severe mental chronic disabling disease that the majority of the patients need constant care in a variety of aspects. Regarding the role of family caregivers in taking care of these patients, caregivers need to be resilient, in addition to other psychological traits, to adapt to the circumstance. This study aimed to investigate the effect of the emotion regulation training on the resilience of caregivers of patients with schizophrenia in southeastern Iran. Methods The study was a parallel randomized controlled trial. Seventy caregivers of patients with schizophrenia were selected by convenience sampling method and randomly assigned to an emotion regulation training group and a control group. The intervention group received eight 90-min training sessions (one session weekly) about emotion regulation. The participants completed the Conner–Davidson resilience scale before and one month after the intervention. Results The mean scores of the resilience increased in the control and intervention groups at the end of the study. A significant difference was found between the two groups (p < 0.001). At the beginning of the study, the mean score of the resilience was 59.94 in the control group and 51.97 in the intervention group. However, the mean score of the resilience in the control group was 61.28 after the intervention, which was not significant, but it was 69.08 in the intervention group, which was significant. A significant difference was observed between two groups in the mean scores (p = 0.01). Conclusions According to the results of this study, cognitive and metacognitive skills of emotion regulation can be suggested as one of the methods for increasing the psychological well-being of schizophrenia patients’ caregivers. The increase of mental well-being and resilience of caregivers can help them better manage a patient with schizophrenia. Trial registration IRCT registration number: IRCT2017061733997N2, Registration date: 2017-08-16, 1396/05/25, Registration timing: prospective, https://en.irct.ir/trial/26116

Effectiveness of family interventions for patients with schizophrenia: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

“…The other programmes focused on problem‐solving through education and skill training. Such programmes offered psychoeducation (Gutiérrez‐Maldonado et al, 2009; Nasr & Kausar, 2009), emotional regulation training (Behrouian et al, 2020, 2021), and peer‐assisted education (Rajai et al, 2021). The number of intervention sessions varied from one to 36, and the duration per session also varied from 30 to 120 min.…”

Sociocultural Moderators of Emotion Regulation in Family Members of the Critically Ill

“…Studies on ER have increased rapidly across various patient populations, their caregivers, and contexts (Behrouian et al, 2021; O’Toole et al, 2020; Toohey et al, 2016). Consistent with prior work, we found non-White SDMs reported a greater tendency to use cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression than White SDMs, and SDM men had a higher tendency to use expressive suppression than SDM women (Goubet & Chrysikou, 2019; Nolen-Hoeksema, 2012; Weiss et al, 2022).…”

Improving Resilience in Caregiver of Schizophrenic Patients: A Literature Review

“…Upaya kedua adalah mengenali, menerima dan mengelola emosi yang sedang dihadapi. Terdapat dua artikel yang meneliti intervensi terapi regulasi emosi dalam meningkatkan resiliensi pada caregiver pasien skizofrenia yaitu artikel kedua dari Behrouian et al [24] dan artikel kelima oleh Andriani, Afiatin, & Sulistyarini [25]. Secara garis besar kedua artikel menggambarkan bahwa terapi regulasi emosi tediri atas pengajaran keterampilan mengenali emosi, keterampilan mengekspresikan emosi, keterampilan mengelola emosi, dan keterampilan mengubah emosi negatif menjadi emosi positif .…”

“…Upaya kedua termasuk dalam aspek resiliensi emotion regulation. Latihan regulasi emosi dapat meningkatkan aspek positif dari regulasi kognitif dan emosional, termasuk memfokuskan kembali secara positif (memikirkan hal positif daripada terfokus pada masalah), memfokuskan kembali rencana perawatan (memikirkan langkah lanjutan apabila terjadi sesuatu yang tidak diinginkan, atau mengubah langkah), reasesment positif (memikirkan aspek positif dari sebuah kejadian), mengadopsi sebuah pandangan (berpikir bahwa beberapa hal terjadi tidak lebih penting dari hal-hal yang lebih bisadidahulukan) dan mengembangkan kemampuan untuk penyelesaian masalah [24]. Poegoeh & Hamidah [26] dalam penelitiannya menyatakan bahwa resiliensi keluarga akan meningkat sejalan dengan peningkatan dukungan sosial dan regulasi emosi.…”