The effect of the Ph1 gene in diploid rye, Secale cereale L.

Schlegel, R.; Boerner, A.; Thiele, V.; Melz, G.

doi:10.1139/g91-140

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…This is the same effect as described by Schlegel et al [1991] for diploid rye. Unclear are the criteria by which this pairing reduction is accomplished: is there a specific key by which some chromosomes or chromosome arms are restricted from pairing or is there a general genome-wide reduction in chiasma frequency (crossover rate)?…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 84%

“…Such a system permits regular pairing of dissimilar homologues, such as in hybrids resulting from mating of distantly related individuals, as it guarantees efficient production of chromosomally stable euploid gametes, hence increases the efficiency of reproduction. How detrimental a strict pairing control system can be in a diploid outbreeding species is illustrated by the reduction in the MI pairing indices and resultant sterility in diploid rye with a single wheat chromosome 5B [Schlegel et al, 1991]. Of course, the divergence or polymorphism of homologues would not be an issue in obligatory inbreeders.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Schlegel et al [1991] have shown that the Ph1 locus, when introgressed with the entire chromosome 5B into diploid rye, dramatically reduces the overall MI pairing frequency of rye chromosomes. This suggests the effect is not limited to wheat chromosomes or to chromosomes in the genetic background of wheat, but is of a more universal system of chromosome pairing control.…”

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confidence: 99%

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The Ph1 Locus from Wheat Controls Meiotic Chromosome Pairing in Autotetraploid Rye (Secale cereale L.)

Lukaszewski

Kopecký

2010

Cytogenet Genome Res

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The Ph1 locus on chromosome 5B enforces strictly bivalent pairing in polyploid wheat, but the exact mechanism of its action remains unknown. Pairing restriction involves not only wheat homoeologues and all alien introgressions but also differentiated homologues. In this study we show that chromosome 5B with its Ph1 locus also controls chromosome pairing in autotetraploid rye by apparently restricting chiasma formation between dissimilar homologues. Unlike in wheat, the effect appears to be dosage-dependent, which may be a reflection of an interaction between Ph1 and the rye chromosome pairing control system. With 2 doses of Ph1 present, chiasmate pairing was severely restricted resulting in a significantly higher number of univalents and bivalents per cell than in the controls. The restrictions imposed by Ph1 virtually eliminated MI pairing of chromosome arms polymorphic for their C-band patterns and did not appear to affect arms with similar patterns. If the polymorphism for C-bands is taken as a measure of the overall chromosome similarity/divergence, such differences were recognized and acted upon by the Ph1 locus. The fact that Ph1 operates in rye in the same fashion as in polyploid wheats suggests that it controls some basic mechanism of chromosome recognition.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 84%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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The Ph1 Locus from Wheat Controls Meiotic Chromosome Pairing in Autotetraploid Rye (Secale cereale L.)

Lukaszewski

Kopecký

2010

Cytogenet Genome Res

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“…Another approach would be to introduce the Ph1 gene from wheat into a tetraploid hybrid between S. cereale and S. montanum to enforce diploid pairing and improve fertility. The Ph1 gene was shown to operate when the chromosome carrying it was added to rye (Schlegel et al, 1991).…”

Section: Tetraploidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Breeding Perennial Grain Crops

Cox

Bender

Picone

et al. 2002

BPTS

161

113

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Abstract:One-third of the planet's arable land has been lost to soil erosion in recent decades, and the pace of this degradation will increase as the limits of our food-production capacity are stretched. The persistent problem of worldwide soil erosion has rekindled interest in perennial grain crops. All of our current grain crops are annuals; therefore, developing an array of new perennial grains -grasses, legumes, and others -will require a long-term commitment. Fortunately, many perennial species can be hybridized with related annual crops, allowing us to incorporate genes of domestication much more quickly than did our ancestors who first selected the genes. Some grain crops -including rye, rice, and sorghum -can be hybridized with close perennial relatives to establish new gene pools. Others, such as wheat, oat, maize, soybean, and sunflower, must be hybridized with more distantly related perennial species and genera. Finally, some perennial species with relatively high grain yields -intermediate wheatgrass, wildrye, lymegrass, eastern gamagrass, Indian ricegrass, Illinois bundleflower, Maximilian sunflower, and probably others -are candidates for direct domestication without interspecific hybridization. To ensure diversity in the field and foster further genetic improvement, breeders will need to develop deep gene pools for each crop. Discussions of breeding strategies for perennial grains have concentrated on allocation of photosynthetic resources between seeds and vegetative structures. But perennials will likely be grown in more diverse agro-ecosystems and require arrays of traits very different from those usually addressed by breeders of annuals. The only way to address concerns about the feasibility of perennial grains is to carry out breeding programs with adequate resources on a sufficient time scale. A massive program for breeding perennial grains could be funded by diversion of a relatively small fraction of the world's agricultural research budget.

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“…Both in diploid [Schlegel et al, 1991] and autotetraploid rye [Lukaszewski and Kopecky, 2010], introduction of wheat chromosome 5B or its long arm with the Ph1 locus significantly reduced the MI chromosome pairing. In tetraploid rye, the effect was dosagedependent: pairing reduction was greater with 2 doses of Ph1 than with 1, and 2 doses practically eliminated multivalents.…”

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confidence: 99%

The Ph1 Locus of Wheat Does Not Discriminate between Identical and Non-Identical Homologues in Rye

Oleszczuk

Tyrka²,

Lukaszewski³

2014

Cytogenet Genome Res

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The main locus responsible for diploid-like behavior of polyploid wheat in meiosis, Ph1, is located on the long arm of chromosome 5B (5BL). It restricts metaphase I pairing to essentially identical homologues. Introduction of 5BL into outcrossing autotetraploid rye severely reduced multivalent formation and increased the frequency of bivalents and univalents, but the key by which homologues were selected for effective pairing was not clear. We created doubled haploids of autotetraploid rye with the long arm of wheat 5BL, verified their nature by DNA markers, and analyzed metaphase I chromosome pairing. The doubled haploid nature guaranteed the presence of pairs of identical and non-identical homologues in each homologous group. The metaphase I pairing patterns were essentially the same as in plants from open pollination, with frequent bivalents and univalents and rare multivalents. The level of pairing was low and depended on the dosage of 5BL. The pairing levels show that unlike in wheat, in rye the Ph1 locus does not use homologue similarity as the criterion in selection of pairing partners. It is possible that the Ph1 of wheat and the rye chromosome pairing system are mutually exclusive. The minimum level of chromosome differences required for effective pairing in rye may be well above the maximum difference level tolerated by the Ph1 system of wheat. In other words, effective chromosome pairing in rye may be possible between non-identical chromosomes that might not normally pair in the Ph1 wheat background.

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The effect of the Ph1 gene in diploid rye, Secale cereale L.

Cited by 8 publications

References 11 publications

The <i>Ph1</i> Locus from Wheat Controls Meiotic Chromosome Pairing in Autotetraploid Rye (<i>Secale cereale</i> L.)

The <i>Ph1</i> Locus from Wheat Controls Meiotic Chromosome Pairing in Autotetraploid Rye (<i>Secale cereale</i> L.)

Breeding Perennial Grain Crops

The <b><i>Ph1</i></b> Locus of Wheat Does Not Discriminate between Identical and Non-Identical Homologues in Rye

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