The effect of the immune system on ovarian function and features of ovarian germline stem cells

Ye, Haifeng; Li, Xiaoyan; Zheng, Tuochen; Liang, Xuefang; Li, Jia; Huang, Jian; Pan, Zezheng; Zheng, Yuehui

doi:10.1186/s40064-016-2390-3

Cited by 35 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 36 publications

(42 reference statements)

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“…It is possible that the different basal level of immune infiltration of healthy tissues (gonads and extragonadal tissues) might contribute to the significant difference detected in meGCTs. In this sense, while the role of lymphocytes in healthy gonads is well documented, 43,44 the information available on extragonadal tissues is limited to the fact that being made of connective tissue, they contain T cells.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tumor-infiltrating T cells and PD-L1 expression in childhood malignant extracranial germ-cell tumors

et al. 2018

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Although pediatric malignant extracranial germ-cell tumors (meGCTs) are among the most chemosensitive solid tumors, a group of patients relapse and die of disease. To identify new markers predicting clinical outcome, we examined the prognostic relevance of tumor-infiltrating T lymphocytes (TILs) and the expression of PD-1 and PD-L1 in a cohort of pediatric meGCTs by in situ immunohistochemistry. MeGCTs were variously infiltrated by T cell-subtypes according to the tumor subtype, tumor location and age at diagnosis. We distinguished three different phenotypes: i) tumors not infiltrated by T cells (immature teratomas and half of the yolk sac tumors), ii) tumors highly infiltrated by CD8 + T cells expressing PD-1, which identifies activated tumor-reactive T cells (seminomas and dysgerminomas), iii) tumors highly infiltrated by CD8 + T cells within an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment characterized by CD4 + FOXP3 + Treg cells and PD-L1-expressing tumor cells (embryonal carcinomas, choriocarcinomas and the remaining yolk sac tumors). Tumor subtypes belonging mixed meGCTs were variously infiltrated, suggesting the coexistence of multiple immune microenvironments either facilitating or precluding the entry of T cells.These findings support the hypothesis that TILs influence the development of meGCTs and might be of clinical relevance to improve risk stratification and the treatment of pediatric patients. ARTICLE HISTORY

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tumor-infiltrating T cells and PD-L1 expression in childhood malignant extracranial germ-cell tumors

et al. 2018

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“…The etiology and pathogenesis of POI are very complex. A mass of exogenous factors are involved, such as surgery, drugs, and the environment, as well as endogenous factors, such as chromosomal linkage defects [38, 39], autoimmune reactions [40, 41], psychological stress [42], genetic predisposition [1, 43], and congenital enzyme deficiencies. With plenty of domestic and foreign research confirming that TNF- α and IL-6 may play a role in ovarian function [44, 45], it follows that inflammatory factors may be a vital cause of POI.…”

Section: Inflammatory Aging and Premature Ovarian Insufficiency (Poi)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Inflamm-Aging: A New Mechanism Affecting Premature Ovarian Insufficiency

Huang

et al. 2019

Journal of Immunology Research

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136

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The normal function of ovaries, along with the secretion of sex hormones, is among the most important endocrine factors that maintain the female sexual characteristics and promote follicular development and ovulation. Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) is a common cause in the etiology of female infertility. It is defined as the loss of ovarian function before the age of 40. The characteristics of POI are menstrual disorders, including amenorrhea and delayed menstruation, accompanied by a raised gonadotrophin level and decreased estradiol level. Inflammatory aging is a new concept in the research field of aging. It refers to a chronic and low-degree proinflammatory state which occurs with increasing age. Inflammatory aging is closely associated with multiple diseases, as excessive inflammation can induce the inflammatory lesions in certain organs of the body. In recent years, studies have shown that inflammatory aging plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of POI. This paper begins with the pathogenesis of inflammatory aging and summarizes the relationship between inflammatory aging and premature ovarian insufficiency in a comprehensive way, as well as discussing the new diagnostic and therapeutic methods of POI.

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“…These cells are elliptical, approximately 15-20 µm, and few in number under the microscope. Their proliferation cycle is long, and they express MVH, OCT4, Nango, Fraglis, Stella, C-Kit and other germ cell-and stem cellspecific markers by PCR, providing further evidence for the existence of OGCs in mammalian ovaries after birth [47][48][49][50][51]. Recently, Wu et al explored the process and mechanisms of OGC differentiation in vivo following transplantation.…”

Section: Ovarian Surface Epithelium Stem Cells and Neo-oogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanism for the Decision of Ovarian Surface Epithelial Stem Cells to Undergo Neo-Oogenesis or Ovarian Tumorigenesis

Zheng

Hong

et al. 2018

Cell Physiol Biochem

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The ovary is surrounded by a whitish layer of mesodermally derived ovarian surface epithelium (OSE) that lines the intraembryonic celom and comprises simple squamous to cuboidal to low pseudostratified columnar epithelial cells. Its integrity is maintained by simple desmosomes, incomplete tight junctions, several integrins and cadherins. Recent research has found that ovarian stem cells (OSCs) exist within the OSE and may be responsible for both neo-oogenesis and ovarian cancer during adult life. The factors determining whether OSCs undergo neo-oogenesis or ovarian cancer are of great interest to researchers and clinicians. Accumulating evidence suggests the mechanism for the decision of ovarian surface epithelial stem cells to undergo either neo-oogenesis or ovarian cancer transformation may comprise both internal and external factors. Here, we review recent progress on how the internal factors, including genes, signaling pathways and lncRNA: OSE stem cells mediate the development and progression of ovarian cancer through various genes such as p53, KRAS, BRAF, and PTEN, and mutations in PIK3CA, and through various signaling pathways, including TGF-B pathway, Wnt signaling pathway, Notch signaling pathway, NF-kB signal transducer and transcriptional activator 3 (STAT3) pathway and Hedghog (HH) pathway. A series of expressions of IncRNA have changed in epithelial ovarian cancer tissues and cell lines compared to normal ovarian tissues and cell lines. As well as external factors, including incessant ovulation, gonadotropin and chronicinflammation: Frequent ovulation, without long-term dormancy, increases the risk of illness, because repeated rupture and repair at the ovulation site provides an opportunity for the accumulation of genetic aberrations; FSH affects all aspects of ovarian cancer metastasis, such as inhibition of apoptosis, through Induction of increased expression of VEGFA (VEGF) to support tumor growth, promote vascular growth, and possibly alter certain oncogenic pathways, thereby promoting proliferation and invasive phenotypic inflammation contributes to tumorigenesis, which help determine whether OSCs undergo neo-oogenesis or ovarian tumorigenesis. Understanding this issue is critical for developing novel strategies for premature ovarian failure and ovarian cancer prevention and therapy.

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The effect of the immune system on ovarian function and features of ovarian germline stem cells

Cited by 35 publications

References 36 publications

Tumor-infiltrating T cells and PD-L1 expression in childhood malignant extracranial germ-cell tumors

Tumor-infiltrating T cells and PD-L1 expression in childhood malignant extracranial germ-cell tumors

Inflamm-Aging: A New Mechanism Affecting Premature Ovarian Insufficiency

Mechanism for the Decision of Ovarian Surface Epithelial Stem Cells to Undergo Neo-Oogenesis or Ovarian Tumorigenesis

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