The Effect of the Indium(III) Phthalocyanine Chloride Films on the Behavior of Flexible Devices of Flat and Disperse Heterojunction

Abstract

By means of flat-heterojunction structures based on small semiconductor molecules (MSCs), an analysis of the indium(III) phthalocyanine chloride (In(III)PcCl) film as a constituent of optoelectronic devices was performed. The study included the behavior of In(III)PcCl playing three different roles: a donor species, an electronic acceptor, and a hole layer carrier. The flat-heterojunction structures were prepared by vacuum deposition method that permits a controlled layer-by-layer growth of high purity films. The investigated structures were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), UV-vis spectroscopy and optical bandgaps were obtained by Tauc's and Cody's methods. As the structures exhibit a large spectral absorption in the visible range, they were incorporated into flat-heterojunction devices based on flexible and rigid substrates. However, during the synthesis of those structures, the disperse heterojunction arrangement was found and indeed it showed to be more efficient than the initial flat-heterojunction. In order to complement these results, disperse heterojunction arrangement structure as well as its bandgap value were obtained by DFT calculations. Finally, the electronic behavior of both fabricated devices, disperse heterojunction and flat-heterojunction were compared.

An Indium Synthetic Etioporphyrin for Organic Electronics: Aggregation and Photoconductivity in Thin Films

“…Thin films deposited on monocrystalline silicon or quartz substrates do not show diffraction peaks that could be attributed to InCl‐EtioP−I crystallites (Figure S4), i. e. they are X‐ray amorphous [13,14] . This, however, does not negate the short‐range ordering molecules.…”

“…Thin films deposited on monocrystalline silicon or quartz substrates do not show diffraction peaks that could be attributed to InCl-EtioPÀ I crystallites (Figure S4), i. e. they are Xray amorphous. [13,14] This, however, does not negate the shortrange ordering molecules. To make sure that InCl-EtioPÀ I can form detectable crystalline structures by using such a strongly non-equilibrium method as thermal evaporation in vacuum (cf.…”

“…Therefore, it is desirable to obtain indium complexes with a more stable ligand, such as etioporphyrin [1,7,10,11] . Another tetrapyrrolic analog, indium(III) tetraazabenzoporphyrin (i. e., phthalocyanine) showed promising photoelectrical properties in the light‐converting devices due to its peculiar molecular packing in the vacuum‐deposited films [12–14] …”

“…[1,7,10,11] Another tetrapyrrolic analog, indium(III) tetraazabenzoporphyrin (i. e., phthalocyanine) showed promising photoelectrical properties in the light-converting devices due to its peculiar molecular packing in the vacuum-deposited films. [12][13][14] In this work, we report on the synthesis and characterization of a new etioporphyrin-I complex with indium(III) chloride, InCl-EtioPÀ I. In contrast with other metal-etioporphyrins, thin-film samples of InCl-EtioPÀ I can be obtained by both solutionprocessing and thermal evaporation in vacuum, the latter being the method of choice in this study.…”

Novel Frequency Dependent OFET Attenuator Using ClInPc with Al2O3 Embedded Nanoparticles in Nylon 11 for Flexible Electronics

“…The transport properties of ClInPc, are strongly related to the excitation-quenching process between highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO). ClInPc, like most MPcs, can be used as an electron acceptor in solar photovoltaic cells and has been known to undergo electron-transfer reactions with strong electron donors (Hamui & Sánchez-Vergara, 2021;Sánchez-Vergara, Hamui & Habib, 2019;Sánchez-Vergara, Carrera-Téllez, et al, 2019). Additionally, ClInPc Schottky barrier devices have been investigated, which show a promising optoelectronic performance for solar cells, employing this material as active layer (Bankole et al, 2015;Köksoy et al, 2016;Liu et al, 2008;Sevim et al, 2014).…”