The effect of the position of the limb on venous impulse foot pumps

The Venous Pump of the First Metatarsophalangeal Joint: Clinical Implications

“…1,29 Pressure applied to the sole of the foot during ambulation squeezes the veins, producing significant flow. 4,5 The calf muscle pump, contraction of the triceps surae muscle, has been suggested to be the most important aspect of distal venous circulation. 4 However, movements of the foot joints and particularly the ankle joint have been attributed with considerable physiologic and therapeutic importance.…”