The effect of the start and finish in the 50 m and 100 m freestyle performance in elite male swimmers

Marinho, Daniel A.; Barbosa, Tiago M.; Neiva, Henrique P.; Moriyama, Shin-Ichiro; Silva, Alcino J.; Morais, Jorge E.

doi:10.1080/24748668.2021.1969514

Cited by 9 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…On the other hand, fewer studies related the start performance and the final race time (Marinho et al, 2021;Arellano et al, 2022). Overall, it was noted that a strong and significant relationship exists between the 15 th meter mark and the final race time in sprinting events at least in freestyle (Marinho et al, 2021) and breaststroke (Olstad et al, 2020). In our study, this relationship was only very-high and high (both sexes) in the freestyle and butterfly stroke, respectively.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 53%

“…This was the highest percentage observed within the four swim strokes in both sexes. Studies about race analysis, at least in males' freestyle sprinting events, noted that the 15 th meter mark was significantly correlated to the final race time (Arellano et al, 2018;Marinho et al, 2021). This relationship was also noted in males' breaststrokers but for the 100 m event.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…As aforementioned several studies aimed to understand how to improve the swimmers' start performance. On the other hand, fewer studies related the start performance and the final race time (Marinho et al, 2021;Arellano et al, 2022). Overall, it was noted that a strong and significant relationship exists between the 15 th meter mark and the final race time in sprinting events at least in freestyle (Marinho et al, 2021) and breaststroke (Olstad et al, 2020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Normative data of the start in the 50 m events at the 2021 LEN European Championships and understanding its relationship with the final race

Morais¹

2023

EJHM

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This study aimed to: (i) present normative data of the variables related to the start in the four swim strokes by tier and sex, and; (ii) understand the relationship between the 15th meter mark time and the final race time of the male and female swimmers competing in the four 50 m events at the 2021 European Championships. Participants were all male and female swimmers who competed in the 50 m events at the 2021 LEN European Championships held in Budapest. The official race times and block times were retrieved from the official competition website. All starting variables were analyzed in a dedicated software for race analysis. The 15th meter mark time was used as the start main outcome. For all events by sex, the 15th meter mark time was the variable presenting the highest and largest tier effect (p < 0.001) besides the final race time. Overall, despite the swim stroke, the variables related to the underwater phase were also responsible for the significant tier effect (p < 0.001). The 15th meter mark time presented a high to very-high relationship with the final race time in all four swim strokes. This relationship was stronger in freestyle (both sexes). That is, swimmers who achieve the 15th meter mark sooner are more likely to deliver better performances. Coaches must be aware that the underwater phase plays a key-role on the swimmers’ (both sexes) start performance. Nonetheless, different strategies can be used based on the swimmers’ strength and weaknesses. Moreover, the start performance in all four swim strokes and in both sexes can strongly predict the final race time.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 53%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Normative data of the start in the 50 m events at the 2021 LEN European Championships and understanding its relationship with the final race

Morais¹

2023

EJHM

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“…In this cubic relationship, the first key-moment point happened in the start (S0-15 m) and the second key-moment in the finish (S45-50 m). As such, the start is indeed a key phase in freestyle (Marinho et al, 2021), breaststroke (Sánchez et al, 2021), backstroke (Barkwell & Dickey, 2018), and butterfly sprint events. Same assertion is true for the finish.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Race analysis of the men’s 50 m events at the 2021 LEN European Championships

Morais

Barbosa

Lopes

et al. 2022

Sports Biomechanics

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The aim of this study was to: (i) characterise the stroke kinematics' stability of the male swimmers competing in the four 50 m events at the 2021 European Championships, and; (ii) understand the speed-time relationship in the four race events. All male swimmers who participated in the 50 m events (backstroke: 78 swimmers; breaststroke: 79 swimmers; butterfly: 89 swimmers; freestyle: 95 swimmers) were evaluated. In each swimming stroke swimmers were split in two groups (better and poorer performances). Significant variances (p < 0.05) were observed in both groups in all variables and for all swimming strokes. Swimming speed was the variable with the highest variance in both groups and strokes. Overall, better swimmers presented a low to high normative stability, and poorer swimmers a moderate-to-high. Speed-time curve fitting for all swimming strokes and groups suggested a cubic relationship. It can be considered that elite male swimmers racing 50 m sprint events at major competitions present an all-out trend. The present data provide coaches with substantial information about the main trend in the 50 m sprint events, specifically in each section of the race.

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“…In the sport of swimming, race analysis consists of conducting qualitative and quantitative analyses of the swim strokes, start, turn, and finish (A. C. Barbosa et al, 2021b; T. M. Barbosa et al, 2021a;Marinho et al, 2021). There are studies reporting data about race analysis in several swim events (i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Race level comparison and variability analysis of 100 m freestyle sprinters competing in the 2019 European championships

Morais

Barbosa

Lopes

et al. 2022

International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport

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This study aimed to (i) compare the race performance of the swimmers with better performances and poorer performances during all sections of a 100 m freestyle event and (ii) compare stroke kinematics variables between tiers and analyse their stability in each tier. The sample was composed of 88 swimmers that participated in the 100 m Freestyle event at the 2019 LEN European Junior Championships. Speed achieved the largest difference between tiers in section (S) S0-15 m of lap #1 (mean difference = −0.109 s, p < 0.001). During the clean swim and finish phases, the stroke length and stroke index presented significant differences (p < 0.05) between tiers in all sections of the race (stroke frequency did not). Significant variances were noted for both tiers in all variables in both laps. Swimmers in tier #1 were significantly faster than swimmers in tier #2 especially in sections related to the push-off against a solid (block or wall), and finish. A significant variance was noted by both tiers during the race with a moderate-to-high normative stability. Coaches are advised to analyse and understand the swimmers' within-lap stability, which can give deeper details about their swimmers' behaviour during the 100 m freestyle race.

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The effect of the start and finish in the 50 m and 100 m freestyle performance in elite male swimmers

Cited by 9 publications

References 33 publications

Normative data of the start in the 50 m events at the 2021 LEN European Championships and understanding its relationship with the final race

Normative data of the start in the 50 m events at the 2021 LEN European Championships and understanding its relationship with the final race

Race analysis of the men’s 50 m events at the 2021 LEN European Championships

Race level comparison and variability analysis of 100 m freestyle sprinters competing in the 2019 European championships

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