The effect of thermoplastic starch on the properties of HDPE/TPS blends during UV-accelerated aging

Effect of Additives on Weathering

“…49 Addition of thermoplastic starch to high density polyethylene influence neither the evolution of carbonyl index nor the molecular weight reduction of HDPE, but increased fusion enthalpy because of starch retrogradation. 50 The influence of nanosilica particles on properties of automotive clearcoats has been studied. 51 The stability of clearcoats was evaluated by color, gloss, and FTIR measurements.…”

“…Studies of fourteen iron oxide pigments in a PVC matrix showed that these pigments that have a large inherent ESR spectrum strength have poor weatherability. 50 PVC plates with an ESR spectrum strength lower than 1 exhibited very good weatherability, equivalent to five years of outdoor exposure. The type of pigment used in PC greatly influenced the UV stability of the polymer (Figure 15.21).…”

Data on Specific Polymers

“…540 The inclusion of thermoplastic starch influence neither the evolution of carbonyl index nor the molecular weight reduction of HDPE/thermoplastic starch blend on exposure to accelerated weathering. 541 Photodegradation of LDPE/modified starch blends 80/ 20 have been examined by scanning electron microscopy, FTIR, and x-ray diffraction. 551 The analysis of the blend's crystallinity pointed out to the formation of a new crystalline symmetry that did not exist before the irradiation.…”

Melt Blending with Thermoplastic Starch

“…Utilization of plasticizers other than water helps to stabilize the properties of TPS. The main plasticizer used in TPS composition is glycerol (Forssell et al 1997;Mathew & Dufresne, 2002;Souza & Andrade, 2002;Ma & Yu, 2004a;Ma & Yu, 2004b;Parra et al, 2004;Rodriguez-Gonzalez et al, 2003a;Rodriguez-Gonzalez et al, 2003b;Rodriguez-Gonzalez et al, 2004;Mali et al, 2005;Chand et al, 2006;Ma et al, 2006;Teixeira et al, 2007;Talja et al, 2007;Talja et al, 2008;Tena-Salcido et al, 2008;Chaudhary, 2010;Mendez-Hernandez et al, 2011) but other alcohols (Da Roz et al, 2006), polyols (Mathew & Dufresne, 2002;Parra et al, 2004;Mali et al, 2005;Da Roz et al, 2006;Talja et al, 2007;Chaudhary, 2010), sugars (Da Roz et al, 2006;Teixeira et al, 2007;Talja, 2008) or nitrogen compounds such as ethanolamine (Ma et al, 2006), formamide (Ma & Yu, 2004a;Ma & Yu, 2004b), acetamide (Ma & Yu, 2004a) or urea (You et al, 2003;Ma et al, 2006) have also been successfully employed. TPS materials have been prepared using casting process (Mathew & Dufresne, 2002;Parra, et al, 2004;Mali et al, 2005;Chand et al, 2006;…”

“…TPS materials have been prepared using casting process (Mathew & Dufresne, 2002;Parra, et al, 2004;Mali et al, 2005;Chand et al, 2006;Talja et al, 2007;Talja, 2008) or by melt mixing in batch, internal mixer (Forssell et al 1997;Da Roz et al, 2006;Teixeira et al, 2007), or continuous equipment such as single (Souza & Andrade, 2002;Ma & Yu, 2004a;Ma & Yu, 2004b;Ma et al, 2006) or twin-screw extruders (RodriguezGonzalez et al, 2003a;Rodriguez-Gonzalez et al, 2003b;You et al, 2003;RodriguezGonzalez et al, 2004;Tena-Salcido et al, 2008;Chaudhary, 2010;Mendez-Hernandez et al, 2011). In the case of melt mixing processes, starch, plasticizer and water have been fed as dry blends (Ma & Yu, 2004a;Ma & Yu, 2004b;Da Roz et al, 2006;Ma et al, 2006;Chaudhary, 2010) or slurries (Rodriguez-Gonzalez et al, 2003a;Rodriguez-Gonzalez et al, 2003b;RodriguezGonzalez et al, 2004;Tena-Salcido et al, 2008;Mendez-Hernandez et al, 2011). In some cases, TPS materials prepared by melt mixing have a significant water content which limits the processing temperature far below the processing conditions of most synthetic polymers, i.e.…”