The effect of three-dimensional cultured adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cell–conditioned medium and the antiaging effect of cosmetic products containing the medium

Abstract

Background: Recently, investigators have been trying to apply the by-products as well as stem cells themselves to various fields such as pharmaceuticals, medical devices, quasi-drug, cosmetis, etc. We aimed to comfirm the antisenescence effect of 3D cultured adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cell-conditioned medium (3D cultured ADMSCs-CM) and develop them as cosmetic raw materials for anti-aging purposes. Methods: We investigated the effect of 3D cultured ADMSCs-CM on collagen production and performed efficacy tests to evaluate the effect of a cream-based cosmetic product containing the medium using various methods, such as dermal density, skin moisture retention, and so on. Results: Analysis of the effect of ADMSCs-CM on skin regeneration and production of collagen showed 1.5-fold (2D cultured ADMSCs-CM) and 2.5-fold (3D cultured ADMSCs-CM) increase in expressions of procollagen and 4-fold (2D cultured ADMSCs-CM) and 5-fold (3D cultured ADMSCs-CM) increase in the expression of collagen compared with control. In addition, related gene expression was also increased. We conducted a human skin test using a cream-based product containing 3D cultured ADMSCs-CM. In skin texture assessment, skin roughness decreased by 11.94% at the application site and 3.74% at the non-application site after 3 weeks of use. Compared with before cream use, after 2 and 4 weeks of substance use, the skin elasticity analysis showed an increase in the elasticity value by 5.97% and 9.34%, respectively, and the improvement of small wrinkles was 5.01% and 6.23%, respectively. After 2 and 4 weeks of test substance use, dermal density analysis showed 6.97% and 12.53% increase, respectively. Skin moisture retention analysis showed skin moisture maintained at 543.60% and 452.38%, respectively, immediately after one-time use and after 20 min of cool breeze exposure compared with before application of the test substance. Conclusions: As raw material for cosmetic products, 3D cultured ADMSCs-CM prevented skin aging by promoting collagen production, restoring damaged skin, and increasing dermal density. Therefore, 3D cultured ADMSCs-CM can be widely applied to maintain and improve skin condition.

Phytosomes as an Emerging Nanotechnology Platform for the Topical Delivery of Bioactive Phytochemicals

“…The latter route is, however, considered to be insignificant due to the appendages occupying only a relatively low surface area (e.g., approximately 0.1% of the forearm skin area) [26]. The main route of the compound's penetration across the SC is via the intracellular pathway, which causes a direct penetration of the SC to reach the lower layer of the epidermis or even lower to the dermis layer [26]. Figure 2 shows the mechanism of transdermal drug delivery.…”

“…Many flavonoids, such as glycyrrhizic acid In terms of skin permeation, there are three possible cellular routes for active compounds penetration across the SC: transcellular, intercellular, and appendageal diffusion (i.e., sweat glands and hair follicles) [25]. The latter route is, however, considered to be insignificant due to the appendages occupying only a relatively low surface area (e.g., approximately 0.1% of the forearm skin area) [26]. The main route of the compound's penetration across the SC is via the intracellular pathway, which causes a direct penetration of the SC to reach the lower layer of the epidermis or even lower to the dermis layer [26].…”

“…In the field of topical dosage form, the optimal pharmaceutical vehicle should facilitate the penetration of incorporated molecules efficiently through the skin barriers, protect the loaded compounds from degradation, be easy to prepare, be safe for the skin, and not cause dermal sensitivity or irritation [26,90]. Phytosomes have been demonstrated to effectively deliver poorly soluble molecules via the incorporation of these materials in the lipid bilayer membrane or through conjugation with the lipid composition [91].…”

“…Intercellular penetration can be achieved via sweat glands, sebaceous, or hair follicles, whereas the intercellular lipid matrix and corneocytes are the main pathways of intracellular penetration [114,115]. It has been reported that enhancing the diffusion coefficient of the drug can increase the concentration of biomolecules and enhance partitioning between the these molecules and the SC layer, and that all these factors can improve the permeability of biomolecules to the SC for transdermal application [26]. The transdermal permeability of topical products can be increased when the active ingredients are lipophilic and have a low molecular weight.…”

Assessment of the Suitability of Methods for Testing the Antioxidant Activity of Anti-Aging Creams

“…These ingredients increase the bioavailability and effectiveness of the product [5]. Surfactants are among the ingredients that are frequently added to topical and oral formulations in order to improve skin penetration [6]. Nonionic surfactants, such as: polysorbate, sorbitan ester, polyoxyethylene alkyl ether, polyoxyethylene alkylphenol and poloxamers, have the lowest toxicity and cause the least skin irritation, that is why they are most frequently added to topical preparations [7].…”