The Effect of Three-Year Swim Training on Cardio-Respiratory Fitness and Selected Somatic Features of Prepubertal Boys

Zarzeczny, Ryszard; Kuberski, Mariusz; Suliga, Edyta

doi:10.3390/ijerph19127125

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…According to the studies reviewed by Baquet et al [34], endurance training improves aerobic capacity in children and adolescents by just 5-6%, or 8-10% when only studies finding its effect to be significant are considered. In our earlier research on the influence of a 3-year swimming training program on prepubertal boys, a 2-factor ANOVA of the 20-mSRT results (factor I: controls-swimmers; factor II: time) showed that the main group effect was statistically significant, but measurements taken at successive time points did not reveal statistically significant differences between the 2 groups [35]. It is likely that a similar situation also occurred in this study (the swimmers performed statistically insignificantly better on the 20-mSRT), but whether it was really so cannot be confirmed without longitudinal studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

An assessment of selected motor skills in young female swimmers and their associations with swimming test results – a pilot study

Rogowska,

Bujak,

Zarzeczny

2023

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Introduction:The most recent WHO report (2020) highlighted the scarcity of information regarding how different physical activities and sports influence the development of motor skills in young people. Aim of the research: This study set out to determine if dryland speed, endurance, strength, and flexibility would differentiate peripubertal female swimmers from their untrained peers, and how the swimmers' performance on dryland motor skills tests would correlate with the results of standard 25-, 50-, 75-, and 100-m swimming tests involving front crawl, breaststroke, and backstroke. Material and methods: Twenty-eight peripubertal female swimmers and 22 same-age girls in the control group performed the following tests of motor skill: the 50-m sprint run test (speed), the 20-m shuttle run test (cardiorespiratory fitness), the 30-s sit-up test (abdominal muscle endurance), the backward overhead medicine ball throw test (back muscle strength), and the sit and reach test (flexibility). Results: The swimmers performed significantly better than the control group on tests assessing speed (p < 0.01), abdominal muscle endurance (p < 0.001), back muscle strength (p < 0.001), and flexibility (p < 0.01) but did not differ from the control group in the level of cardiorespiratory fitness. Speed, cardiorespiratory fitness, and abdominal muscle endurance were best predicted by 25-m backstroke velocity (p < 0.001 in all cases), back muscle strength by 25-m front crawl velocity (p < 0.05), and flexibility by 25-m breaststroke velocity (p < 0.01). Conclusions: Although swimming training for peripubertal children emphasizes cardiorespiratory fitness, it only significantly improved the studied swimmers speed, strength, abdominal muscle endurance, and flexibility. StreszczenieWprowadzenie: Według ostatniego raportu WHO (2020) brakuje badań u młodzieży dotyczących wpływu aktywności fizycznej w różnych dyscyplinach sportu na rozwój zdolności motorycznych. Cel pracy: Porównanie poziomu wytrzymałości, szybkości, siły i gibkości dziewcząt w wieku okołopokwitaniowym uprawiających pływanie z nietrenującymi rówieśnicami, a także zbadanie u pływaczek współzależności wyników tych zdolności motorycznych uzyskanych na lądzie z wynikami standardowych testów pływackich wykonywanych na dystansie 25, 50, 75 i 100 m stylem dowolnym, klasycznym i grzbietowym. Materiał i metody: Badania przeprowadzono w grupie 28 pływaczek i 22 dziewcząt z grupy kontrolnej, które poddane były standardowym testom sprawności motorycznej: szybkości -sprint biegowy na 50 m; wydolności tlenowej -20 m wahadłowy test biegowy; wytrzymałości mięśni brzucha -test 30 s skłonów tułowia z pozycji leżącej; siły mięśni grzbietu -test rzutu piłki lekarskiej w tył ponad głową i gibkości -test dosiężny z pozycji siedzącej. Wyniki: Pływaczki cechowały się wyższymi wartościami szybkości (p < 0,01), wytrzymałości mięśni brzucha (p < 0,001), siły mięśni grzbietu (p < 0,001) oraz gibkości (p < 0,01), jednak wyniki wydolności tlenowej nie były istotne statystycznie względem kontroli. Najlepszym p...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

An assessment of selected motor skills in young female swimmers and their associations with swimming test results – a pilot study

Rogowska,

Bujak,

Zarzeczny

2023

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“…Swimmers are known to train for hours and cover kilometers daily, regardless of their race distances, and it is a well-established fact that many Olympic champions hold world records in various distances. Due to its horizontal position in the water and the unique technique of responding to buoyancy, gravity, and resistance in the water, as well as the different breathing techniques compared to outdoor sports, swimming is evaluated separately from other sports [3]. Physiologically, it is known that swimming is influenced by lower body fat, broader shoulders and hips, longer stroke length, shorter forearms, and wider arm circumference [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of 12 Weeks of High-, Moderate-, and Low-Volume Training on Performance Parameters in Adolescent Swimmers

Karabıyık,

Gülü,

Yapici

et al. 2023

Applied Sciences

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Swimming, an Olympic sport with diverse distances and energy systems, requires early specialization for elite success. High intensity interval training (HIIT) is a fundamental method used by swimmers to enhance performance, offering both aerobic and anaerobic benefits. This study aimed to examine the effects of a 12-week HIIT program with varying volumes on adolescent swimmers’ performance parameters. A total of 50 participants were divided into three groups High Intensity Low Volume (HILV), Moderate Intensity Moderate Volume (MIMV), Low Intensity High Volume (LIHV), and their training sessions consisted of 10 sets with 60 s rest intervals between repetitions and 3 min rest intervals between sets. The intensity was determined based on a pre-test 100 m times. The results indicate significant improvements in anthropometric measurements, including weight, Body Mass Index (BMI), and body fat percentage, within each group, with no significant differences between groups. Swimming performance for various distances (50 m, 100 m, 200 m, and 800 m) showed significant temporal improvements in all groups, with stroke parameters such as stroke rate and length also exhibiting significant improvements (p < 0.05). Resting heart rate and swimming performance at 100 m and 200 m differed significantly between groups, highlighting the impact of training volume on specific outcomes. In conclusion, this study highlights the positive impact of interval training on the swimming time (50 m, 100 m, 200 m, and 800 m), stroke rate (SR), strokes per length (SPL), stroke length (SL), Borg scale (BS) for various distances, emphasizing the need for tailored training programs to maximize their development and potential.

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“…As swimming is a competitive event dominated by physical strength, the interaction between athletes' technical actions and the water in the swimming pool makes the body stay still or move in the water. 3 Therefore, the essence of motion is explained through the principle of motion. We need to use the most scientific methods to develop scientific training methods to improve athletes' project performance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Physical Training of Swimmers at the Competitive Level

2023

Rev Bras Med Esporte

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Introduction: Swimming is a sport that requires mastery of muscle groups, breathing, and cardiopulmonary strengthening, being a complete physical activity. To improve the competitive level of its athletes, making possible better results in competitions is a frequent challenge that demands training analysis and frequent adaptations. Objective: Study the effects of current physical training on the competitive performance of athletes. Methods: Twenty-four volunteer swimmers were selected and equally distributed in two groups. The experimental group performed swimming-specific physical training according to the established training plan, and the control group performed general physical training based mainly on running. There was no difference in the duration or intensity of training between the groups. The experimental period was 8 weeks, three times a week. Results: The experimental group was superior to the control group in terms of optimizing physical function, optimizing special fitness, and improving athletic levels. Conclusion: Special physical training for athletes can improve swimmers’ physical function more efficiently, improve their competitiveness and sports efficiency, and reduce sports injuries. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

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The Effect of Three-Year Swim Training on Cardio-Respiratory Fitness and Selected Somatic Features of Prepubertal Boys

Cited by 4 publications

References 33 publications

An assessment of selected motor skills in young female swimmers and their associations with swimming test results – a pilot study

An assessment of selected motor skills in young female swimmers and their associations with swimming test results – a pilot study

Effects of 12 Weeks of High-, Moderate-, and Low-Volume Training on Performance Parameters in Adolescent Swimmers

Analysis of Physical Training of Swimmers at the Competitive Level

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