The effect of timing of influenza vaccination and sample collection on antibody titers and responses in the aged

Kurupati, Raj K.; Kossenkoff, Andrew; Kannan, Sampath; Haut, Larissa H.; Doyle, Susan; Yin, Xiangfan; Schmader, Kenneth E.; Liu, Qin; Showe, Louise C.; Ertl, Hildegund C. J.

doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.05.074

Cited by 34 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…To our knowledge, previous studies have exclusively focused on the effect of timing of vaccine administration on induction of vaccine-specific antibody responses. Although results of studies focusing on influenza and hepatitis A immunogenicity hinted toward increased induction of specific immune responses when individuals were vaccinated in the morning (30,31), another study found the effect to be dependent on the moment of sample collection rather than the timing of influenza vaccine administration (32).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Circadian rhythm influences induction of trained immunity by BCG vaccination

Bree¹,

Mourits²,

Koeken³

et al. 2020

Journal of Clinical Investigation

113

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BACKGROUND. The antituberculosis vaccine bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) reduces overall infant mortality. Induction of innate immune memory, also termed trained immunity, contributes toward protection against heterologous infections. Since immune cells display oscillations in numbers and function throughout the day, we investigated the effect of BCG administration time on the induction of trained immunity. METHODS. Eighteen volunteers were vaccinated with BCG at 6 pm and compared with 36 age-and sex-matched volunteers vaccinated between 8 am and 9 am. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were stimulated with Staphylococcus aureus and Mycobacterium tuberculosis before, as well as 2 weeks and 3 months after, BCG vaccination. Cytokine production was measured to assess the induction of trained immunity and adaptive responses, respectively. Additionally, the influence of vaccination time on induction of trained immunity was studied in an independent cohort of 302 individuals vaccinated between 8 am and 12 pm with BCG. RESULTS. Compared with evening vaccination, morning vaccination elicited both a stronger trained immunity and adaptive immune phenotype. In a large cohort of 302 volunteers, early morning vaccination resulted in a superior cytokine production capacity compared with later morning. A cellular, rather than soluble, substrate of the circadian effect of BCG vaccination was demonstrated by the enhanced capacity to induce trained immunity in vitro in morning-compared with evening-isolated monocytes. CONCLUSIONS. BCG vaccination in the morning induces stronger trained immunity and adaptive responses compared with evening vaccination. Future studies should take vaccine administration time into account when studying specific and nonspecific effects of vaccines; early morning should be the preferred moment of BCG administration.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Circadian rhythm influences induction of trained immunity by BCG vaccination

Bree¹,

Mourits²,

Koeken³

et al. 2020

Journal of Clinical Investigation

113

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“…Previous studies have reported seasonal and circadian patterns in antibody titres in humans, 54 IgM 55 , often discovered serendipitously in the course of other investigations. 55 Leucocytes collected at different times of year showed decreased ex vivo response (thymidine incorporation, cytokine release) to activation in winter time in humans and rats [56][57][58]59 , and diurnal patterns in antibody titres 60 and in ex vivo response to stimulation of PBMCs 61,62 have been reported in humans. This study in UK Biobank is the first to investigate circadian and seasonal patterns in antibody titres to common infectious agents at a population level.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal and Daytime Variation in Multiple Immune Parameters in Humans: Evidence from 329,261 Participants of the UK Biobank Cohort

Wyse

O’Malley

Coogan

et al. 2020

Preprint

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[275 words] Background: Seasonal disease outbreaks are perennial features of human infectious disease but the factors generating these patterns are unclear. In animal studies, seasonal and circadian (daily) rhythms in immune function generate periodicity in vulnerability to disease, although it is not known whether the same applies to humans. Making use of extensive data from the UK Biobank cohort, we investigate seasonal and daytime variability in multiple immune parameters (inflammatory markers, white blood cell counts and antibody titres), and test for associations with a wide range of environmental and lifestyle factors. Methods and Findings: Markers of inflammation (CRP), and white blood cell counts were measured between 8am and 7pm over a 4-year time period in 329,261 participants in UK Biobank. Individual-level data were linked to other factors that vary over seasonal and daily cycles, including changes in day length, outdoor temperature and vitamin D at the time the blood sample was collected. Analyses were further adjusted for potentially confounding lifestyle factors. Seasonal patterns were evident in lymphocyte and neutrophil counts, and CRP, but not monocytes, and these were independent of lifestyle, demographic and environmental factors. All the immune parameters assessed demonstrated significant daytime variation that was independent of confounding factors. Conclusions: At a population level, human immune parameters vary across season and across time of day, independent of multiple confounding factors. Both season and time of day are fundamental dimensions of immune function that should be considered in all studies of immuno-prophylaxis and disease transmission. Strategic alignment of human activities to seasons and times of the day when we are less susceptible to infection could be an important additional tool for limiting population-level impacts of infectious diseases.

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“…The influence of the circadian rhythm is also seen following influenza vaccination where the timing of vaccination and of sample collection modulates the B-cell response measures, especially in the elderly. 24 The host circadian rhythm is a significant regulator of the response to viral infection. Preclinical data show that irrespective of the viral burden, survival following influenza viral infection is determined by the circadian influence on the patterning of the immune response.…”

Section: Circadian Rhythmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Melatonin: Roles in influenza, Covid‐19, and other viral infections

Anderson¹,

Reíter

2020

Reviews in Medical Virology

189

173

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There is a growing appreciation that the regulation of the melatonergic pathways, both pineal and systemic, may be an important aspect in how viruses drive the cellular changes that underpin their control of cellular function. We review the melatonergic pathway role in viral infections, emphasizing influenza and covid-19 infections. Viral, or preexistent, suppression of pineal melatonin disinhibits neutrophil attraction, thereby contributing to an initial "cytokine storm", as well as the regulation of other immune cells. Melatonin induces the circadian gene, Bmal1, which disinhibits the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC), countering viral inhibition of Bmal1/PDC. PDC drives mitochondrial conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA), thereby increasing the tricarboxylic acid cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, and ATP production. Pineal melatonin suppression attenuates this, preventing the circadian "resetting" of mitochondrial metabolism. This is especially relevant in immune cells, where shifting metabolism from glycolytic to oxidative phosphorylation, switches cells from reactive to quiescent phenotypes. Acetyl-CoA is a necessary cosubstrate for arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase, providing an acetyl group to serotonin, and thereby initiating the melatonergic pathway. Consequently, pineal melatonin regulates mitochondrial melatonin and immune cell phenotype. Virus-and cytokinestorm-driven control of the pineal and mitochondrial melatonergic pathway therefore regulates immune responses. Virus-and cytokine storm-driven changes also increase gut permeability and dysbiosis, thereby suppressing levels of the short-chain fatty acid, butyrate, and increasing circulating lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The alterations in butyrate and LPS can promote viral replication and host symptom severity via impacts on the melatonergic pathway. Focussing on immune regulators has treatment implications for covid-19 and other viral infections.

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The effect of timing of influenza vaccination and sample collection on antibody titers and responses in the aged

Cited by 34 publications

References 44 publications

Circadian rhythm influences induction of trained immunity by BCG vaccination

Circadian rhythm influences induction of trained immunity by BCG vaccination

Seasonal and Daytime Variation in Multiple Immune Parameters in Humans: Evidence from 329,261 Participants of the UK Biobank Cohort

Melatonin: Roles in influenza, Covid‐19, and other viral infections

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